Movie ticket pricing Essay Example for Free

Movie ticket pricing Essay Household behavior forms an interesting area of study for economists given that the human aspect involved in making of economic decisions by a household vary a lot depending on the perception of a commodity or service in the market. This is done in the view of gaining a certain level of utility only known to the consumer. One such area that has attracted scrutiny is the consumption and pricing of movie tickets and goods sold in the movie theaters. An article by Jennifer McNulty titled â€Å"Concessions on Movie Ticket Pricing? details the tricks present in the pricing of movie tickets and products such as popcorn crisps and soft drinks sold in the movie theaters. This paper critically analyses this article and discusses the economic sense in the article plus a reflection on the whole issue. Article review In this article the writer is worried about the high charges of popcorn in movie theaters than in ordinary shopping outlets. This she poses as the introductory question in the article asking â€Å"why does popcorn cost so much at the movies? † She notes that despite the high prices, movie goers are always willing to pay the high prices charged for the popcorn as evidenced by â€Å"all the people standing in line waiting to buy popcorn, soft drinks, and candy†. The author notifies us of the findings of a research by Stanford and the University of California, Santa Cruz that reveals the trick behind this idea. The findings show that charging lower prices for primary products in this case movie tickets and charging higher prices for secondary products in this case popcorn, beverages, peanuts etc drives the customer into seeing the bargain in the primary product and not the overcharging in the secondary product. This will always keep demand for both high courtesy of low price tickets. The author says â€Å"If you want to bring more consumers into the market, you need to keep ticket prices lower to attract them†. Products sold in movie theaters are charged on concession basis in that there is an added price on the product as a â€Å"commission† to the vendor. They account a lot in term of revenue for movie theaters as Jennifer says that â€Å"movie exhibition houses rely on concession sales to keep their businesses viable†. The idea according to Jennifer is that movie theaters transfer some movie charges to the concession goods. This then increases demand for movie tickets and revenues high but profits low. From the article we see that â€Å"Although concessions account for only about 20 percent of gross revenues, they represent some 40 percent of theaters profits†. Therefore it would seem that it is better to charge low prices for tickets so as movie consumers are made to believe that they have â€Å"saved† some amount on which they can spend on the concession goods. Unfortunately, this is just an illusion as the moviegoer ends spending more. Economic analysis of the article The movie theaters have hinged their business sense on the demand elasticity in response to price changes. They have noted that a proportionate increase in the price of movie tickets leads to a more than proportionate drop in demand of movie tickets. Therefore we would say that demand for movie tickets is perfectly elastic to price changes. On the other hand, demand for concession goods is not affected, as per the article by change in prices thus perfectly inelastic. Nevertheless, we would normally expect perfect some degree of elasticity when prices are increased to inconsiderate levels. This would probably force moviegoers to carry along products that they could have otherwise bought at the theater. From another economic perspective, we can say that there is a level of complementarity between the movie tickets and the concession goods though it is one sided. This is because of the fact that concession goods will and can only be consumed after purchasing a movie ticket. However, one can consume a purchase/consume a movie ticket without necessarily having to purchase any of the concession goods on sale in the theater. For fully complementary goods, it is impossible to consume one good in the absence of the other. In such cases, the price and demand of one affects the other. In the case of movie tickets and concession goods, the demand for movie tickets leads to a considerable increase in the demand for the more profitable concession goods. Unfortunately, demand for concession goods does not in any way affect the demand for movie tickets as a consumer can make use of the movie ticket alone without the concession good. Reflection Consumption of leisure hours by households do not usually follow economic principles witnessed in other goods and services. Households attach levels of utility on leisure hours as determined by fashion trends and culture. The idea of purchasing and consuming goods such as popcorns and peanuts in the movie theaters is something that has been nurtured by today’s generation and fashion. This is what is demonstrated in the article in that there is no economic sense that can link any complementing aspect between concession goods and movie tickets but just a creation of our society. It is thus the movie theaters that have capitalized on this fallacy to gain profits. I would personally think that the movie theaters have succeeded in making the best use an economic opportunity and are creating and inducing demand for otherwise low selling products in the name of concession goods. Therefore, the article plays its purpose of informing the moviegoers of where they â€Å"cheated†. In economic sense, the paper shows the power of elasticity in action.

Factors for adolescent depression

Factors for adolescent depression Introduction Adolescent depression is not just a bad mood and sometimes depression. Depression is a serious problem affecting every aspect of life at the age of adolescence. Can be if left untreated, depression in adolescence lead to problems at home, school, drugs, self-loathing, the tragedy of irreversible even violence such as murder or suicide. Fortunately, depression can be treated at the age of adolescence, and concerned parent, teacher, or friend, and there are many things you can do to help. You can learn and symptoms of depression, and expressed concern at the spot the warning signs. Can talk about support and provide the problem go a long way to get back in the teen on the right track. Depression is more than the blues or the blahs, and its more of normal operations and downs of everyday life. When this mood down, along with other symptoms, lasts for more than a few weeks, you may be a case of depression. Depression is a serious health problem affecting the total number of persons. In addition to feelings, you can change the behavior, and physical health and appearance, academic performance, social activity, and the ability to handle everyday decisions and pressures. Fortunately, there is a treatment for adolescent depression, as there is for the treatment of depression in adults. Most teenagers can be helped with psychotherapy, antidepressants, or a combination of both Understanding Depression in adolescence There are a lot of misconceptions about depression in adolescence and that there are teenagers in the year. Yes, the teen years are difficult, but most of the friendships of adolescents with anxiety for a good balance, and success in school or outside activities, and develop a strong sense of self. Occasional bad moods or acting outside the expected, but depression is something different. Depression can destroy the essence of personality in adolescence, causing an overwhelming feeling of despair, sadness or anger. If the occurrence of depression in adolescence actually increase, or are we just become more aware of, and the truth is that the Depression strikes teen in many cases, more than most people think. In spite of the depression and treatment too, and experts say that only 20% of depressed adolescents never receive help. Unlike adults, who have the ability to request assistance on their own, teenagers usually must rely on parents, teachers or other caregivers to recognize their suffering and get them the treatment they need. Even if you have a teenager in your life, it is important to know what depression in adolescence, such as what to do if you place the warning signs. Signs and symptoms of depression Adolescents are confronted with a range of pressures and changes in puberty to questions about who they are and where to fit the natural transition from child to adult can also be that the conflict of the parents, children begin to assert their independence. With all this drama is not always easy to distinguish between moodiness in adolescence and depression is normal. Make things more complicated and adolescents with depression do not necessarily appear sad, do not always withdraw from others. For some depressed teens, symptoms of aggression, irritability and anger more pronounced. The difference between depression in adolescence and adult Could be that depression in adolescents look very different from depression in adults. The following symptoms of depression is more common among adolescents than adults to their colleagues: irritable mood or angry and as noted above, irritability instead of sadness and often the mood of adolescent depression. May be depressed teenager angry, hostile, easily frustrated, or are subject to bouts of anger. Aches and pains unexplained adolescent depression often complain about physical ailments such as headaches or stomach pains. If a comprehensive examination on the body does not reveal a medical reason, and this may indicate that the pain of depression. extreme sensitivity to criticism depressed teens suffer feelings of usefulness, making them extremely vulnerable to criticism and rejection and failure. This is a particular problem for the performance of more than one. withdraw from some, but not everyone although adults tend to isolate themselves when depressed, usually adolescents to maintain at least a few friends. However, adolescents with depression may socialize less than before, and Im pulling from their parents, or start with a different audience. Could be that depression in adolescents can be difficult to detect because of moodiness, irritability, and antisocial behavior, negative and often go withdrawal along with the growth. In younger children, depression can present himself as a morbid preoccupation with death and dying. The child may present with intense fear of separation from a parent or parents and lose interest in participating in the games with other children. You progress through the learning process, one comes to the understanding of depression in a way that allows you to learn how to get depressed children and adolescents, like adults, and how depression can be treated in a similar way. And children and adolescents learn specific skills, and ways of thinking that can a) help lift depression and (b) help to prevent relapse. These skills are taught in some schools already with impressive results. Learn more about this topic as you proceed. Causes Not the causes of depression are well known. Probably a combination of factors of genetic, biological and environmental work. Genetic factors Because depression runs in families, and has a strong genetic component, compelling evidence suggests that depression is a biological phenomenon. The information from family, twin, adoption, and these genetic studies. Studies have found that relatives of patients who suffer from depression and 2-6 times more likely to develop the problem of individuals without a family history. Biological agents Evidence to support the theory that depression has a biological basis. Are closely linked and build on the biological causes of depression to anomalies in the delivery of certain key neurotransmitters (chemical messengers in the brain). These neurotransmitters regulate mood and behavior associated with them. Scientists hope that the identification of mutations of genes that code for the organization of these neurotransmitters, and may eventually be able to predict which patients are more likely to respond to specific antidepressants. The effects of depression in adolescence The negative effects of depression than adolescent melancholy mood. Many of the rebels and the unhealthy behaviors and attitudes of adolescents are in fact signs of depression. See table below for some of the ways in which adolescents work or law in an attempt to deal with emotional pain: Problems at school Can cause depression, low energy and difficulty concentrating. At school, and this can lead to poor attendance, a decrease of the vote, or disappointment in the school the student is really good. Escape Many depressed teens escape from home or talk to flee. These attempts are usually a cry for help. Drug Abuse Adolescents may use alcohol or drugs in an attempt to self-medication depression. Unfortunately, drug abuse does not make things worse. Low self-esteem Depression can lead and intensify feelings of ugliness, shame and failure and the lack of merit. Eating Disorders Anorexia and bulimia, binge eating and U U are the signs of depression often unrecognized. Internet Addiction Teens can go online to escape their problems. But excessive computer use only increases their isolation and make them more depressed. Reckless behavior Depressed adolescents may engage in high risk or dangerous, such as reckless driving, outside the control of drinking and unsafe sex. Violence Some teens with depression (usually the children who are victims of bullying), and become violent. As is the case with the Columbine school massacre, Self hatred and desire for death can lead to violence and homicidal rage. Suicide Adolescents who suffer a severe recession in many cases, think, speak, or do not attract attention suicide attempts. Should always suicidal thoughts or behaviors to be taken seriously. Support at the age of adolescence through the treatment of depression As adolescent depression in your life during the treatment, the most important thing you can do is let him or her know that I was there to listen and offer support. Now more than ever, and adolescents need to learn to express appreciation, or they accepted, and cared for. Can understand. Can live with depression in adolescence is a difficult and draining. Sometimes, you may experience fatigue, rejection, despair and aggravation, or any other number of negative emotions. During this time in the search, it is important to remember that the child is not difficult on purpose. Teenager suffers, so your best to be patient and understanding. Encourage physical activity. Encourage the teenager to stay active. Exercise can go a long way towards alleviating the symptoms of depression, and therefore the search for ways to integrate them in the days of your teenager. Can be something as simple as walking the dog or riding a bike useful Encourage social activities. Isolation and depression is getting worse, and even encourage your boyfriend to see friends and praise the efforts socially. Special Offer to bring teenager with friends or social activities to indicate that may be of interest, such as sports, after-school club, or category of art. Stay involved in the transaction. Make sure your teenager is following all the instructions to go for treatment and therapy. It is very important that your child take any medication as directed. Track changes in your childs condition and call your doctor if symptoms of depression seems to be getting worse. Learn more about depression. Just as you do if your child suffers from a disease, and said he knew very little about, read about depression so you can have an expert. More you know, and you will be better equipped to help your depression in adolescence. Encourage your teenager to learn more about depression as well. Can be read for their help depressed teens aware that you are not alone and give them a better understanding of what theyre going through. Conclusion Could be that depression in adolescents can be difficult to detect because of moodiness, irritability, and antisocial behavior, negative and often go withdrawal along with the growth. In younger children, depression can present himself as a morbid preoccupation with death and dying. The child may present with intense fear of separation from a parent or parents and lose interest in participating in the games with other children. You progress through the learning process, one comes to the understanding of depression in a way that allows you to learn how to get depressed children and adolescents, like adults, and how depression can be treated in a similar way. And children and adolescents learn specific skills, and ways of thinking that can a) help lift depression and (b) help to prevent relapse. These skills are taught in some schools already with impressive results.

Black Man Standing :: essays research papers fc

Black Man Standing: The Media’s Portrayal of African-American Men Documentation Style: MLA Name and Description of Target Audience: Readers of the Chicago Tribune Guest Editorial Section Forum/Genre Paper Would Take in Target Publication: Guest Editorial in the Chicago Tribune Brief Description of Assignment and Instructor Expectations for Critical Thinking: 4 page paper with a 2 source minimum, evaluating media in the terms of values it reinforces or resists, and the consequences this has on specific subgroups or cultures. The media has a powerful influence in the everyday thoughts and lives of Americans. Most Americans wake up in the morning and turn on the TV to see what’s going on in the world as they get ready for work; pick up a newspaper and read it with breakfast; turn on the radio and listen to it in their car on the way to work or school; or we do a combination of the three. The people in charge of the media are also in charge, to a great degree, of how we perceive our world. We can sort through our own thoughts and make our own opinions, but we get our information from the media, and the media decides what to show us in the first place. We look to the media to tell us what is important, what we need to know. We also look to the media for our entertainment. It’s important for us to realize all the roles that media has in our lives and to what extent we are influenced by it, because the media is also responsible for our cultural stereotypes and values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One major example that I will focus on here is the way that black males are represented. Black men are consistently being portrayed by the media to fit into narrow, stereotypical roles. They are being shown to be less complex, and two dimensional as opposed to the broader range of Caucasian roles and depictions that the media exemplifies. I think this is of great consequence to society, because it effects not only how society perceives black men, but also how black males perceive themselves, and how they think they are supposed to act and be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Black men are shown less often in the media, especially on primetime TV, but when they are shown you can almost always fit them into one of three categories; 1.) Comedian, 2.) Angry/Jaded, or 3.) Gangster/Thug. Do we as the viewers ever ask ourselves why black males seem to be getting so embarrassingly over-typecast?

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Fate and

Oedipus Rex, Fate, and the Modern World  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the two thousand since â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was written, it has been analyzed and dissected innumerable times and in every possible way.   Usually the analysis has been within the context of the play itself or within the context of other Greek tragedies.   Perhaps it would be more relevant and interesting to evaluate the play within the context of the modern world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his play Sophocles brings up many questions which are not easily answered.   Does man ha free will? What responsibilities does a man have for his own actions? Should the inferior human intellect and poor human reasoning be placed above obedience to one’s God or gods?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neither Sophocles nor the Greeks originated these questions.   Thousands of years before the time of the Greeks man worried that his life, and therefore his fate, was determined by very powerful gods.   Hence much time and energy was spent praying and asking the gods to utilize divine intervention to provide better hunting, weather, food, and other forms of good fortune.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thousands of years of superstition and spiritual worship evolved into Greeks’ religion, which was based on mythology and the belief that gods of the Olympus controlled the lives of men.   Sophocles brings to light the Greeks’ beliefs in several scenes as the gods are consulted through the oracles.   In one scene, Iokaste tells Oedipus that an oracle told Laios that his doom would be death at the hands of his own son.  Ã‚  Ã‚   His son born of his flesh and mine (II. 214-220).   Iokaste and Laios had asked an oracle about their baby’s future (Oedipus) to have better understanding of the child’s fate.   Upon receiving this information, and realizing the tragic destiny o... ...learn there, I f he can, What act or pledge of mine may save the city. (II. 72-77)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the Greeks did two thousand years ago, the Indians of Guatemala do today.   Oracles are consulted about every important event in their life.   Not only do they go to their future, they also make many futile attempts to change their destiny by offering food, money, alcohol or cigars to Maximon, Culiatlec, Kielem, or whatever god they believe to have the strongest powers.   Without access to resources or education, the Mayan Indian is destined to work his small plot of land and barely survive on a diet of beans and tortillas.   He will dye young from hard work just as his father, grand father, and every other ancestor since the beginning of time.   If he tries to change his fate by taking up arms against his oppressor, he will dye even younger.   In the same way  Ã‚     

Essay --

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE After one year's work experience as an electrical engineer at ________, a private LPG filling company with various filling plants located in Pakistan. After the completion of my undergraduate degree in 2012, I have been making constant efforts to develop better understanding in the field of Electrical Engineering. So, I joined_____________ and worked there as a Trainee Electrical Engineer for over 1 year. My training responsibilities areas were circuit breakers supervision, switch yard equipment and bus-bars calculation observation, making reports of ratings, and readings of generators and transformers. I want to return to academic study and undertake postgraduate course Master of Engineering Electrical (Power) at University of South Australia. I am greatly inspired to accomplish my aspiration to become a professional in the field of Power and Energy Systems. Beside aspiration the other reason I am choosing electrical power is of job perspective that the jobs related to electrical po wer are almost in every industry from smaller to a multinational. In under-graduation program I learned THEORY together with interesting practical course work to strengthen the fundamentals of Electrical Engineering. After graduating from the department of electrical engineering at the Institute of COMSATS institute of information technology in computer engineering. I felt that a practical experience is needed before going on to a postgraduate course. I learned the latest technologies in microprocessor systems, personal responsibility and teamwork. My undergraduate program has given me strong grasp in engineering basic subjects. I developed a deep interest in the practical course work of electric machines and control system as i... ...Os, worked with them as a volunteer (Social Mobilizer). I am greatly interested in the field of Power. I am convinced that your comprehensive curriculum is sufficient to help me develop into well-trained specialist in power systems. After completing my MS, I aim to become a highly acclaimed professional. On returning to Pakistan after pursuing my M.S. in electrical engineering, the knowledge that I have received in this field would be of great benefit to the electrical energy industry in Pakistan and the place where I will work. As such I would be well equipped to make a certain amount of impact on society and economy. It is heartfelt desire that I may continue my path of success with your international students. I am sure my technical skills would be greatly appreciated and would helpful to be considered for the Master of Science program in your reputed University.

Absolutism and Constitutionalism

1. Why did monarchs in the late 16th/early 17th centuries need new sources of income? Why did monarchs wish to get their income without the permission of the nobility? 2.Explain the role that each of the following played in the failure of England achieving absolutism, as well as the success of the French: England France  · Religion – Religion  · Parliament/Tradition – Estates General  · Personalities of Leaders – Personalities of Leaders  · Trust of Nobility – Trust of nobility 3. Henry IV came to the throne and helped to end the French Wars of Religion.After over 30 years of civil war, France was a wreck politically and economically. To set the stage for absolutism, he and his finance minister, the duke of Sully, needed to strengthen certain aspects of the nation and weaken others. Explain where the following fell into their plans, using the terms in parenthesis in your answer:  · power of nobility (parlements)  · increased money for crown (m onopolies)  · increased opportunity for economic success (canals, corvee) 4. After Henry IV’s assassination, his 9 year old son Louis XIII became king.Too young to rule, his mother named a brilliant official to serve as his regent. Explain how the following policies show the nature of Richelieu’s â€Å"raison d’etat†:  · Use of intendants  · Actions in the 30 Years War (1618-1648)  · Treatment of nobles  · Treatment of Huguenots 5. Describe the factors that led to the revolt (known as the Fronde) of the French nobility against the young Louis XIV and Cardinal Mazarin (1649-1652). What lesson did the Fronde teach Louis XIV? How did it help prepare the French people for absolutist rule?Helpful Hints for Reading this Section: o The first part of this reading provides an overview of the two systems of government that developed, and offers you hints as to why they developed as they did. Read this carefully so that many of the details listed in future sections will mean more to you. o There is a big difference between the English Parliament and the French parlements (note difference in spellings). The Parliament (-ia) historically had the ability to declare whether taxes were just (fair) or not, and so the kings/queens always had to go before Parliament whenever they needed money.Parliament, located in London, had the ability to make laws. French parlements (-e) were different in that there were many regional parlements as opposed to one central one, and they lacked the ability to make laws. Rather, the French parlements just had the authority to accept or refuse policies proposed by the monarchy. The French also had the Estates General to serve as its legislature, but it was a medieval creation that never really caught on among the French nobles. It could only meet when it was called into session by the king, and that was very rare (met once between 1618 and 1788).Chapter 13 – England 1. The Policy of Circumvention refer s to the various English kings’ efforts to go around, or circumvent, Parliament in their gathering of money for the crown. Explain how each of the following was an effort to raise or save money, and why it angered nobles/members of Parliament:  · impositions- These additional custom duties were seen as taxation on imports and exports by Parliament and as requiring parliamentary consent. They angered nobles and members of Parliament because they viewed it as taxation without consent. selling titles of nobility (think supply and demand– why would nobles feel like they each had less power if there were more nobles in the nation? )- people did anything they could to get a higher position so of course they would buy titles of nobility and since there were many nobles now, previous nobles felt less power because there weren’t as many â€Å"important† titles for everyone.  · James I’s role as peacemaker- 2. Summarize the many religious complaints that were raised against King James I. In defending the episcopacy, what did James mean when he retorted â€Å"No bishops, no king (pg. 452). – James viewed the proposal to replace bishops with presbyteries as an attempt to diminish his power in the church so he quoted that. 3. What actions led Parliament force Charles I to accept the Petition of Right? How would Charles I have attempted to defend himself and his actions? What freedoms did the Petition guarantee? -disputes between Parliament and King Charles I over the execution of the Thirty Years’ War, Parliament refused to grant subsidies to support the war effort, leading to Charles gathering â€Å"forced loans† without Parliamentary approval and arbitrarily imprisoning those who refused to pay.The Petition guaranteed restrictions on non-Parliamentary taxation, forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and restricts the use of martial law. 4. Why did Parliament not meet between 1629 and 1640? De scribe the circumstances that required their meeting in 1640. – The Triennial Act was intended to prevent kings from ruling without Parliament, as Charles had done between 1629-1640. The act required that Parliament meet for at least a fifty-day session once every three years. 5. Create a timeline using the following terms, explaining what each is and how the terms relate to one-another.  · Short Parliament Scottish Invasion  · Long Parliament’s New Laws (1640-41)  · Grand Remonstrance  · Invasion of Parliament (Roundhead/Cavaliers) 1639-1640 – Scottish Invasion= Breakdown of Charles's government of Scotland and two attempts to impose his will by force. Scots rose in 1639 against Charles' introduction of the English Prayer Book into Scotland, the anti-royalist London merchants encouraged the invading Scots to capture Newcastle. This they did in 1640, totally disrupting the export of coal. The Scottish army remained in Newcastle for a year and charged the Corporation a regular fee for billeting its troops. 640 – Short Parliament= sat from 13 April to 5 May 1640 during the reign of King Charles 1 of England and called â€Å"short† because it only lasted 3 weeks. He was forced to call the Short Parliament primarily to obtain money to finance his military struggle with Scotland in the Bishops’ War. -Long Parliament= established to pass financial bills. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could be dissolved only with the agreement of the members and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and at the end of interregnum in 1660. 641 -Grand Remonstrance= a list of grievances presented to King Charles I by English Parliament on 1 December 1641, but passed by the House of Commons on the 22nd of November 1641, during the Long Parliament; it was one of the chief events which were to precipitate the English Civil War. 1642-1651 -Invasion of Parlia ment (Roundhead/Cavaliers)= was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers).The first (1642–46) and second (1648–49) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. 6. Explain how the â€Å"Rump Parliament† and, more appropriately, Oliver Cromwell, ruled England during the period between Charles I and Charles II. – ruled first England, and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660.After the English Civil War and the execution of Charles I, the republic's existence was initially declared by â€Å"An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth† adopted by the Rump Parliament, on 19 May 1649. The governmen t took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell. Just before and after the execution of King Charles I on 30 January 1649, the Rump passed a number of acts of Parliament creating the legal basis for the republic. Helpful Hints for Reading this Section: o To help remember the order of the English monarchs, try to remember the â€Å"Cromwell Sandwich. As with any good sandwich, it is named after the meat, which goes in the middle. Surrounding the meat is usually CHeese. In the Cromwell Sandwich then, the buns equal James (James I on top, or first, and James II bottom, or last) and the CHeese equals CHarles (Charles I on top of the meat or first, and then Charles II below the meat or second). Thus the order goes Bun (James I), Cheese (Charles I), Meat (Oliver Cromwell), Cheese (Charles II), and Bun (James II). I don’t know, it helps me. : ) 1. Describe England under the Restoration of the Monarchy (what powers did King have?Religion? )- began in 1660 when the English , Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II. 2. Religion and the monarchy became an increasingly touchy subject in Restoration-era England. Discuss how the following acts/events display the conflict developing between monarch and Parliament:  · Clarendon Code= The Clarendon Code was a series of four legal statutes passed between 1661-1665 which effectively re-established the supremacy of the Anglican Church after the interlude of Cromwell's Commonwealth, and ended toleration for dissenting religions. Declaration of Indulgence= Charles II of England's attempt to extend religious liberty to Protestant nonconformists and Roman Catholics in his realms, by suspending the execution of the penal laws that punished recusants from the Church of England. Charles issued the Declaration on 15 March 1672.  · Test Act (note who this one was aimed at)= were a series of English penal laws that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabili ties on Roman Catholics and Nonconformists.The principle was that none but persons professing the Established Church were eligible for public employment, and the severe penalties pronounced against recusants, whether Catholic or Nonconformist, were affirmations of this principle. In practice nonconformists were often exempted from some of these laws through the regular passage of Acts of Indemnity 3. Both politics and religion played a large role in the forced removal of James II as King of England. Summarize the role of each, and note what served as the immediate cause of the Glorious Revolution. . Describe the political philosophy of John Locke found in his Two Treatises on Government. 5. How could one point to the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights as early successes for the history of Democracy? Helpful Hints for Reading this Section: o When trying to keep straight Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, think about what they stood for in regards to man’s â€Å"nat ural state. † Hobbes, who believed man was horrible, awful, wicked nasty and cruel, was a â€Å"Hater. † Thus, the first letter of his name and how he felt both match up (Hobbes; Hater).Locke, who said man was naturally good, was all about the Love. Thus, his name and beliefs are also connected by a first-letter principle (Locke; Love). Chapter 13 – France 1. Explain how the theory of Divine Right strengthened Louis XIV’s power as king. How did his saying â€Å"L’etat, c’est moi† reflect the teachings of Bishop Bossuet? – The Divine Right strengthened Louis XIV’s by saying that dictators, nobles, and parliament don’t have power over the people. â€Å"L’etat, c’est moi† means â€Å"I am state† reflected the teaching of Bishop Bossuet by saying God has the almighty power. 2.The Palace at Versailles is an integral part of Louis XIV’s strong reign. Answer the following with regard to life in Versailles:  · To â€Å"domesticate† something means to make it tame, or to train it to be useful to humans. In what ways did Louis XIV â€Å"domesticate the nobility? †  · Why did Louis XIV order nobles to follow such trivial social rules and elaborate social functions at Versailles? Louis ordered nobles to follow trivial social rules and elaborate social functions at Versailles because he wanted them to have less power, so they won’t be a threat to him. What types of people did Louis choose to head his government agencies? Why did he prefer to use them instead of the nobles, as was the case in other times and other countries? Louis XIV replaced the princes who had previously held positions as ministers with new aristocrats who feared him more. This gave Louis XIV, the King of France more power. 3. Explain the ways in which Jean-Baptiste Colbert made France’s economy superior to any other nations’ in the 17th century. How did the marqu is of Louvois dramatically increase the effectiveness of France’s military? 4.Louis XIV’s France became so powerful that no one nation could likely stand up and defeat the French. For that reason, Louis chose to involve himself in a series of wars that would eventually break his nation’s finances. Include each of Louis XIV’s war in a timeline that shows the following:  · Years fought  · Reasons for War  · How foreign nations worked to Balance out French power  · Outcomes of War 5. Why did Louis XIV feel it was necessary to revoke the Edict of Nantes? What impact did this move have on his nation? Huguenots as a threat to his power.Huguenots through his reign were hostile to the crown and launched revolts. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes caused large numbers of them to flee to other protestant countries and establish themselves there, weakening the French economy. 6. Explain why the War of Spanish Succession (and the subsequent Treaty of Utrec ht) makes a fitting culmination to a. the grand wishes of Louis XIV’s plans for domination of Europe, and; b. the principle of Balance of Power used to stop Louis XIV and contain French power 7. Consider Louis XIV’s Legacy. Create a list of positive and negative aspects of Louis XIV’s legacy.Then, create a thesis statement that evaluates the impact of Louis XIV on French history. Be sure your thesis 1) takes a side/has direction, and 2) does not simply list 3 things Louis did good and/or bad. o Intendants were government officials (royal civil servants,’ according to the text) in charge of oversight duties across all areas of French society. They were responsible for making sure that all tax money collected by regional tax officials went directly to the king (as opposed to some going to the collector’s pocket), and to oversee the training and discipline of the French military.They studied efficiency in production and carried their lessons to emergi ng French industries. Possibly the most important aspect of the intendants was the fact that they were not of strong noble birth. Richelieu and Louis XIV realized that using nobles to do the most important jobs of government ran counter to the idea of centralizing full power in the hands of the crown. For that reason, the intendants typically came from middle class backgrounds, people who did not possess large lands of their own. Thus, these peoples’ success in life was fully-dependent upon the king.If they became corrupt, another intendant would call them out and they would lose their job and what was likely their only chance to be very successful in life. This created an incredibly driven, obedient and loyal bureaucracy for the French kings. o During the Counter-Reformation, several different groups of Catholics came up with various ways they saw as correct in regards to Catholicism. The Jesuits were likely the most famous and most successful, as they traveled to every coas tline and set up schools and monasteries in most all prominent nations.One of the Jesuits’ key messages to people was, â€Å"we can help save you. † By this, the Jesuits promoted the fact that people who were Catholic could be guaranteed salvation, so long as they followed the 7 sacraments and did as their priest told them. Another group, the Jansenists, saw this as untrue. Much like Luther and Calvin, the Jansenists believed that there was nothing people could do on earth to guarantee their salvation. They still believed in following all 7 of the Sacraments and other areas of Catholic doctrine, but they said that getting into heaven had to be a â€Å"gift† of God’s grace.A big religious dispute broke out within the Catholic church, and the influential Jesuits led an out-cry of opposition against the Jansenists. The point the text is trying to make with the Jansenists is that their group offered a form of Catholicism that included aspects of many Protesta nt religions (role of faith/grace as gift for salvation etc. ), which potentially could have kept French Huguenots (French Protestants) within the Catholic faith and kept them within France. When Louis XIV outlawed Jansenists, he made legal only the strongly anti-Protestant Jesuit Catholics, who began pushing for strong laws against Protestants.

Management – Swot Analysis (on Maker Studios of Youtube)

The Assignment (Question) Management paradigm today is all about the contingency or situational approach based on the ever changing business environment. Organizations are constantly affected by the external environment and must adapt or influence the environment in order to be efficient and effective. Choose any international or local MNC or SME. Make a SWOT analysis of this organization and explain how it is affected by the external environment. Write on how this organization can utilize the 4 functions of management in order for it to be efficient and effective. Include conclusion and recommendations.You must use terms found within the study of management and are encouraged to look up various textbooks and journals to find these terms and to gain additional knowledge on management through exploration. Introduction of the company If you were to be familiar with the functions of Youtube and have been surfing the site for quite a while, you might have heard of the company named †Å"Maker Studios† quite a bit. This company consists of major Youtube celebrities like ShayCarl, LisaNova, KassemG, iJustine and even the top subscribed Youtube content maker, RayWilliamJohnson.To the audience who uses Youtube for other functions such as â€Å"how-to† videos or music videos of their favourite stars, they might wonder, what does this company actually do? On the other hand, to people who have shown much interest into killing mainstream television programmes with internet through Youtube would understand the major functions of Maker Studios. Maker Studios specifically is talented in creating videos of the two widely accepted genres: Comedy and Music. They create filming sets, music studios, green screen areas and even an editing office for their employees in Venice, California and the upcoming New York City branch.As quoted from their website, it was mentioned that they receive 70 million subscribers and 650 million monthly views across more than 400 channe ls (Cited: http://www. makerstudios. com/about/ ) and thus is one of the Youtube Partner Channels in the Internet Media Business in the States aside Vevo, the top partnership channel with more than 59, 709 thousand unique views in the year 2011 after generating over 844 million videos in the site itself according to Will Richmond on the 22nd of August 2011 on videonuze. com. (Cited: http://videonuze. com/article/comscore-vevo-is-top-youtube-partner-channel-by-far) SWOT Analysis of the company |Analysis | |Strength |The strengths of Maker Studios is such that they gather all the talents throughout the internet media and help them | | |make their videos and find sponsorships and viewership for their creations thus allowing people to fulfill their | | |dreams yet not having to worry about making a living. As quoted from one of their investments portfolio in | | |greycroftpartners. om, â€Å"the company has developed unique insights into what kind of content works best with YouTube | | |audiences and how to cross-promote and move audiences around its network† (cited: | | |http://www. greycroftpartners. com/2011/04/maker-studios/), it thus supported the efficiency in catching up with the | | |constantly shifting trends of the internet and intelligence in hiring talents into the company in its complicated | | |business sector which attempts to forge deep connection with audiences all over the globe. Cited: | | |http://www. hollywoodreporter. com/lists/maker-studios-280389) | |Weakness |An evident weakness of the company is such that they have limited branches (Venice and upcoming New York) reaching out| | |to the content creators online thus only able to work with people in certain areas of the States. Another is that | | |there might be a high possibility of the competitors of this internet business catching up on the innovations that the| | |company could have been roducing as â€Å"there aren't going to be any drastic programming changes — this i s about | | |expanding on existing success,† as quoted from former Disney’s Digital Division’s Executive – now Chief Programming | | |Officer of Maker, Chris Williams on variety. com. (Cited: http://www. variety. com/article/VR1118052288) | |Opportunities |The internet community is getting larger day by day and having Hollywood catching their eye on the industry’s | | |productions once in a while is also creating more viewership for the audiences all over the world.For example, there | | |are artistes looking for help from the Maker productions for causes which they hope to help and thus film videos like| | |Jane Lynch (popular from Glee series) and Steven Tyler in ShayCarl’s video in attempt to â€Å"Save The Arts! † (cited: | | |http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=IKzUZ7KvAnI=UU77WzpPRrYr0W5oeFjVIqwQ=1=plcp) or even being on the | | |news like ShayCarl’s 4th child, most commonly called â€Å"Rocktard†, who showed faced in a video did (cited: | | |http://www. outube. com/watch? v=AyXsZJwzIrQ ), are opportunities to expansion of the company’s network in creating | | |bonds with the internet community through bonding in use of comments or video responses or even simply joining the | | |company’s forces in using their talents thus creating opportunities not only for themselves but the company’s in | | |developing differentiated content through new, personalised and innovated ideas that sometimes the television isn’t | | |capable in providing for the audiences expectations. |Threats |Threats of the company consists of other major competitors such as VEVO (which generates content from famous | | |celebrities or musicians) and promotes them on Youtube through main pages or dominated the rights towards usage of the| | |contents such as music or even portions of the film.As well, the media is currently still competing with the | | |traditional media such as television and even tho ugh they are probably even ahead of them in the entertainment sector | | |but is beaten down (by people who did not know of the facts and begin cyber bullying the Youtubers’ content) due to | | |mere fame and acknowledgement of the society like LisaNova’s impersonation of Sarah Palin. It was mentioned on | | |nytimes. om that â€Å"She uploaded her Palin video more than a week before  Tina Fey  did her impersonation on ‘Saturday | | |Night Live’. † And that her response towards which was that â€Å"trying to get on TV would be going backwards in my mind. | | |It’s a waste of time. † | | |(Cited: http://www. nytimes. com/2011/04/11/business/media/11youtube. html? agewanted=all) | A Macro-Environmental Analysis o Law and Politics Law and politics with the Maker Studios is not part of any problem that the company could be facing now as the company started up in 2006, they personalize their services to the creators and aid them through their specific earnings after creation. As well, they hire to produce their content (music, digital, filming and etc) in videos hence not entitled to copyright law bridging. o Economy On allthingsd. om it was said that, transparency towards their earnings is through and able to be checked by their partners hence they would be reliable to the investments of the money in their company as well as being honest to their employees in the functions and well-being of the organization. (Cited: http://allthingsd. com/20120309/exactly-how-much-did-that-skateboarding-dog-earn/) As this is an internet business, the company will be affected if the economy fails in terms of people being able to enjoy their productions or not thus earning them money.However, with this current upscale of the internet committee, the company is in safe hands through the advancement era. o Technology Technology is crucial to the business. As it is one of the factors to which whether or not the audiences tune in becaus e of the graphics, the quality of sound and the editing of the videos to the stunts in a film, the professionalism of sets, Maker’s standard of productions as mentioned by nytimes. om was that â€Å"the green screen, film crew, actors and expensive cameras and lights, it went far beyond the typical one-man YouTube videos filmed in a basement with a webcam† hence, once again, supporting their constant follow-up with technology to suit the needs of their mass of talents who are eager to please their audience with great standards of film. (Cited: http://www. nytimes. com/2011/04/11/business/media/11youtube. html? pagewanted=all ) o DemographicsAs the internet is more than common amongst people of almost all ages, Youtube contains a very much a wide amount of audience to capture and Maker managed to curb these differences with its gathered talents and their abilities to pursue different crowds. For example, they have â€Å"The Mom’s View† by mothers with diff erent talents and background, catering and supporting to the vast amounts of parents in the internet community; they also have â€Å"Polipop†, featuring Entertainment and Politics Network which is intended to give people who are interested a good laugh at the political factors without having to move away from their computers. Cited: http://www. tubefilter. com/2011/10/29/maker-studios-youtube-original-channels/) o Social Issues and the Natural Environment The internet community is a fast-paced and ever-changing environment for the business to survive in as there are constant evolvement of trends, updates or even jokes appealing to the vast society is one of the constant issues that the business should be updated about. But as the talents in the company increases from the 200 initial partners in August 2011 (cited: http://www. variety. com/article/VR1118040686? efCatId=1009), they get more and more efficient in finding out and dispersing their information as well as being an i nfluence in creating trends for people to follow. An example could be the â€Å"Super Note Challenge† in 2008 (cited: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=v6kaSqGjbk8 ) where several Youtube personalities such as iJustine, Smosh, Rhett as well as ShayCarl and many other Youtubers hosted, encouraging their viewers to post video responses featuring the longest note that they could make (in terms of time) and hence creating a bond and an interest into watching updates of the challenge constantly.As for their efforts in reminding the audiences in saving the environment, Maker Studios also took part in the Ecomagination Challenge – Tag Your Green hosted by GE and they produced videos of their forte in efforts of it. For example, DaveDays, as a musician, wrote a song in reminder of people to â€Å"Turn Off The Lights† (cited: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=xzBV2ZvQfQw ) and ShayCarl brought his children out for a hike while talking to them about recycling and also tau ght them about the environment (cited: http://www. youtube. com/watch? =dAiCGkRoowo=fvst ) thus showing the viewers that they, too, show an example in doing good for the environment. The Competitive Environment Analysis of the company o Rival Firms Rival firms such as VEVO, Machinima. com, blip, Revision3 Internet Television could give threat to the company in terms of their partnership with Youtube and their stand and sponsor to events such as VidCon, DigiTour but the transparency of Maker’s finance gives it a high competitive advantage to win over more talents and variety to channels instead of mere technology and games for which other companies wins at. New Entrants New entrants might find it difficult to sustain without funding in this sector of business as the expectations of viewers are constantly increasing and thus they might, in the end, need help from major firms such as Maker to help them produce films for their channels or get bought over in view of profits. o Cus tomers Maker, as a company which helps one-man video producers find a team to build up his channel, does not call their clients â€Å"partners† and instead, call them partners.So as they proceed on with their moving-image business, the channel owners have full power over their videos and Maker only act as a service provider as well as an opportunity seeker for the Youtuber himself. The bargaining power for customers only lies in the percentage of the money which they receive from the advertisements that Maker could get in return and it was also mentioned in the terms and conditions of the Maker’s contract that this factor would be personalized as according to the client himself. o Substitutes and ComplimentsSubstitutes of Maker would be as valid as the fact that MySpace managed to take over Xanga and Facebook over MySpace. Therefore, it still contains a possibility where Youtube could be substituted by upcoming new video hosting websites online that might turn into a h it overnight like Facebook. On the other hand, like how a replenishing act could aid the sales of the original product, the compliments of Maker is definitely its networking in the Youtube community as they introduce each other on their videos and hence creating the acknowledgement of each other through their channels.Like for example how LisaNova introduced KassemG on her channel by impersonating his comedy and giving people a pre-show towards how Kassem’s humor will be like on his channels and directing people to watch his videos. (Cited: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=bKJ3bVR8Jxg) o Suppliers The suppliers to produce such films on a daily basis at such large quantities is the talents for which the company hires and other than the Disney’s former Executive of the Digital Division, Chris Williams, it is also proven true that they have hired Courtney Holt, the former president of MySpace Music as their COO on hollywoodreporter. com. (Cited: http://www. ollywoodrepor ter. com/news/courtney-holt-myspace-music-president-255341) This thus proved their high recognition and high expectations in their talents to hire hence providing professional content for the online viewers. In relation through application, to what extent planning, organizing, leading and controlling can be applied to the company In relation to application of the management of the company, the company would have to define fixed and strictly accomplishing goals to achieve in terms of the number of views, unique viewership count, the creation of new content as well as the amount of videos to be produced in a business year.However, it might be difficult to manage with the ongoing trends like Hunger Games, Justin Bieber’s new album or even some new celeb-gossip going around in the world of entertainment. Therefore, constant monitoring of progress is needed and more than frequent updating about movement of internet community is important for the growth of the company to expand on their current business in terms of coverage and audiences’ capturing.As well, it is important to have organized teams or crews on a specific project or channel dedicated to the advancements – which is their current system now. With her interview on tubefilter. com, Maker’s founder, Lisa Donovan mentioned that the model of Maker is comparable to the company United Artists back in 1919, first led by Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and many other artists where it is the first talent-led studio (cited: http://www. tubefilter. com/2011/04/21/maker-studios/).For example, the fixed team whose professionalism is in that particular genre of film, would be sent to RayWilliamJohnson’s â€Å"Equals Three† and â€Å"Your Favourite Martian† would have separately a music team, digital team as well as a team which, at the set, helps him with the humor content for which is going to be in his film. With such a unique form of business, the company requires a ta ll organization which has narrow span of control over the employees and manager rate as they would work in small teams in order to be efficient and effective in discussion and production.It would also thus have to be decentralized, where the employees are able to freely share creative ideas just like in Google, the unformalized manner of generating imaginative content. This would thus allow the company to be able to constantly be attentive to minute matters which might affect the company’s â€Å"originality† competitive advantage as compared to the rival firms. General Conclusions Maker is one of the very few companies around the globe, for which looks at talents in a manner that some companies would not be able to cherish.Even in one of their interviews, they mentioned to even have a criteria for joining in their firm: â€Å"When I am meeting talent, the first thing I want to know is, how committed are they to it? † said Lisa Donovan to Daniel Miller of hollywo odreporter. com. (Cited: http://www. hollywoodreporter. com/lists/maker-studios-280389) Therefore, their accomplishments not only as a firm, but as a big family with similar goals (not only because their own family is associated in the videos) just as ShayCarl have mentioned in one of his videos, is what they have built up and grown together over the years along with the Youtube creator’s fame.Recommendations for the company in the next 5 years As much as the company has accomplished throughout the years, not only expanding on their own success, they have also managed to raise funds with investments as well as convert television celebrities into internet sensations just like Bobby Lee of MADtv having his own channel and being to do crazy things like he would in his previous shows as well as entertain people without having to worry about the technicalities. (Cited: http://www. tubefilter. om/2012/01/30/bobby-lee-maker-studios-the-station/ ) Therefore, in hopes that the new SON Y internet-television could allow people to be in touch with their desired genre of film, Maker should create even higher viewership through making internet-original movies with their professionalism and make the bonding with audiences into even better sensations through movies and interactive comments thus improving themselves thus far. Reference List †¢ Bladwin, D. , October 29th, 2012, Maker Studios Scores Three Channel Deal with Youtube Originals, http://www. tubefilter. com/2011/10/29/maker-studios-youtube-original-channels/ Bladwin, D. , January 30th, 2012, Maker Studios Reboots The Station With Bobby Lee, http://www. tubefilter. com/2012/01/30/bobby-lee-maker-studios-the-station/ †¢ DaveDays, October 31st, 2010, Dave Days – â€Å"Turn Off The Lights† (Music Video), http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=xzBV2ZvQfQw †¢ Grey Croft Partners’ Investor’s Portfolio, April 15th, 2012, Maker Studios, http://www. greycroftpartners. com/2011/04/mak er-studios/ †¢ Hustvedt, M. , April 21st, 2011, Maker Studios Raises $1. 5M For Creator-Founded YouTube Studio, http://www. tubefilter. com/2011/04/21/maker-studios/ †¢ Kafka, P. March 9th, 2012, Exactly How Much Did That Skateboarding Dog Earn? , http://allthingsd. com/20120309/exactly-how-much-did-that-skateboarding-dog-earn/ †¢ Lamp4137’s Youtube Channel, June 30th, 2011, Rocktard On Some Weird Local News Thing, http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=AyXsZJwzIrQ (Original Shaytard’s) Excited Baby! http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=JrKT4eYHwiM †¢ LisaNova, November 17th, 2010, Tripping Bros! (LisaNova does KassemG UNCUT), http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=bKJ3bVR8Jxg †¢ Maker Studios (About Maker), April 15th, 2012, http://www. makerstudios. com/about/