E-Sports :: essays research papers

We live in constant violence. It seems like every year theres a house servant event highlighted by a bloody rampage by crazed someones armed with weapons that are meant for such frenzies. The most recent that are still in peoples minds would be the Washington Sniper and the Columbine High School shootings. While it may be true that psychologically troubled individuals planned kayoed and executed both events, later investigations pointed out one hauntingly similar coincidence. The killers practiced on simulated violence that comes with video games (http//www.answers.com/main/ntquery?method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Eric+Harris+and+Dylan+Klebold&gwp=8&curtab=2222_1). And because of that, the gaming industry took massive repercussions, with lists such as the one Mothers Against Violence in America created, in which games such as Warcraft 3 The Frozen Throne, ordain 3, Half-Life 2, and Halo are supposed to be avoided by parents at all costs (Lottie). The Interfaith Center on Corporate Respon sibility mentions the homogeneous games but takes it a step further stating that violent interactive media indicates that it has a strong and more lasting effect on violent behaviorin children and adolescents. (http//www.iccr.org/issues/violence/jointstatement020705.PDF) But is that the truth? Will everyone playing an Entertainment Software Rating Board rated Mature game become a crazed, violent individual who wants to commit mass murders? The mass populace of the United States may say so, but the rest of world seems to disagree (McDonald, 16). Gaming has minimal effects, if not any, on the mental health of its crowd. With legislation pushing for anti-gaming acts, the casual and professional gaming communities are starting to suffer because of a few crazed individuals. Whereas casual gamers volition probably complain, American pros will take whatever action they can to slow down the barrage of acts and laws that will hinder their ability to compete at level with foreign profession al gaming teams. One of the ideas that hasnt taken hold in the United States would be the idea of Electronic Sports or superior Gaming (commonly known as E-Sports). The rest of the world, namely Europe and Asia, respects and accepts E-Sports, whereas the United States looks down on it. America tries to make attaining competitive games Counter-Strike, Counter-StrikeSource Halo, Warcraft 3 and others difficult for everybody. Europe and Asia on the other hand, have live media coverage at events broadcasted over national television. If a common middle-class mother in America mentions something about games, negative comments would follow suit. If the same case was to happen in Norway, then the responses would be neutral and would wind up with the mothers conversing about their sons/daughters fix in the last major event they were in.

sports marketing :: essays research papers fc

When it comes to sports television what you can see on certain stations has become a precise specific and high money motivated system. Whether the sport is baseball, football, the Olympics, NASCAR or college sports the industry has grown in leaps and bounds. But in order to see this concept full grow into a big business situation you must first look at its humble and less complicated beginnings.In the beginning the NCAA was dear a mere thought in somebodies head. In 1905 a meeting between the then President Roosevelt and 13 athletic institutions directors sparked the debate over college football schedules and who was going to play whom. Of course with this conversation football playing rules were discussed. Because of this and other meetings the IAAUS (Intercollegiate Athletics Association of the United States) was formed. In 1906 the program was changed to its now famous ca-ca of the NCAA. In 1952 a program to control live television of football games was approved, the annual co nvention delegated enforcement powers to the Associations Council and legislation was adopted governing brook season bowl games. The Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions in 1973 at the first special Convention ever so held. Five years later, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in the sport of football. Nearly 25 years later the program was making one thousand thousand dollar bill deals to just sell the rights to show a particular championship games. In 1999 the negotiation of a comprehensive championships rights agreement with CBS was worth potentially $6 billion dollars payout over 11 years. This was not always the way as you can already tell by the previous history on the NCAA, the mom and set about concept was gone to a big business, corporate event. In the beginning coaches came together, in the NCAA, to decide which schools within their conference would play against other schools in the conference. d efinite schools later on would extend invitations to join conferences or to have conference playoffs but none the less things were decided by the individuals rather than big business. In the early 90s negotiations became more and more and the coaches had the scheduling taken out of their hands and it was out into the hands of big business. Next we can tackle the kinds of schedules that exist for sports and which be used most often. There are two types of schedules for sports programming, temporally constrained schedules and temporally relaxed schedules.

The involvement of the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War :: European Europe History

The involvement of the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil fightOn the 18 July 1936, leading Generals of the Spanish Army led a revolt against the democratically elected Popular Front government of Spain. Within years the country was plunged into civil war with the Republicans fighting the insurgent Nationalists for control of the country. The various democracies of the world turned their backs on Spains plight and even hindered the Republicans by supporting non-intervention in the conflict. However, many people came to help the Republic. Las Brigades Internacionales, the International Brigades, would lastly include almost 40,000 men and women from 53 different countries, from all around the world.The International Brigades began as an musical theme in July and August of 1936, but soon its formation became the main work of the Comintern (the body with the responsibility of fostering the world-wide spread of Communism). Each Communist party was instructed to trounce volunt eers who would be sent to Spain by train or boat. Around 60% of the volunteers were Communists, but non-Communists were also welcomed. The first group of recruits came to Spain by train from Paris, and arrived at their bestial in Albacete, halfway between Madrid and Valencia, on the 14th of October. It was there that the 500 French, German and Polish recruits began training. The theme of the recruitment propaganda was based on the guideword that Spain should be The grave of European Fascism, and with this in mind volunteers continued to flow into Spain from France. One of the organisers of recruits in Paris was the future Marshal Tito - Joseph Broz. In Albacete the volunteers were organised into lyric groups and the base was put under the command of Andre Marty. The Brigades were to be led by General Emilio Kleber and intensive training was to take place in the base onward going to the front.The International Brigades baptism of fire came on the 8th of November 1936, when the XI th and XIIth Brigades went to the Madrid front. They numbered about 3,500 men altogether, and were extremely important to the defence of Madrid. The fighting in Madrid eventually reached stalemate and the Brigades were transferred to other fronts. The XI, XIII and XV Brigades fought at the Brunete offensive of July 1937, where losses were very high, and where Oliver Law, the Afro- American commander of the Lincoln Battalion was killed. The Brigades also played a major part in the Aragon offensive of August 1937, and were formally incorporated into the Republican Army around this time.

Do Sentences Have Identity? :: Equiformity Language Composition Papers

Do Sentences Have Identity?We study here equiformity, the standard identity criterion for sentences. This notion was effect forward by Lesniewski, mentioned by Tarski and defined explicitly by Presburger. At the practical level this criterion seems workable but if the notion of sentence is interpreted as a fundamental basis for system of logic and mathematics, it seems that this principle cannot be maintained without vicious circle. It seems also that equiformity has some semantical features maybe this is not so have for individual signs but sentences are often considered as purposeful combinations of signs. If meaning has to play a role, we are thus maybe in no founder position than when dealing with identity criterion for propositions. In formal logic, one speaks rather about well-formed formulas, but closed formulas are called sentences because they are meaningful in the sense that they can be true or false. Formulas look better like mathematical objects than material inscri ptions and equiformity does not seem to apply to them. respective(a) congruencies can be considered as identities between formulas and in particular to have the same logical form. One can say that the objects of study of logic are rather logical forms than sentences conceived as material inscriptions. 1. What is equiformity?Some logicians have rejected propositions in favour of sentences, arguing in particular that there is no satisfactory identity criterion for propositions (cf. Quine, 1970). But is there one for sentences? The idea that logic is about sentences rather than propositions and that sentences are nothing more that material inscriptions was already developed by Lesniewski, who also saw immediately the main difficulty of this conception and introduced the notion of equiformity to solve it. His attitude his well described in a footnote of one of Tarskis famous early papersAs already explained, sentences are here regarded as material objects (inscriptions). (...) It is no t always thinkable to form the implication of two sentences (they may occur in widely separated places). In order to simplify matters we have (...) committed an error this consists in identifying equiform sentences (as S. Lesniewski calls them). This error can be removed by interpreting S as the set of all types of sentences (and not of sentences) and by modifying in an analogous appearance the intuitive sense of other primitve concepts. In this connexion by the type of a sentence x we understand the set of all sentences which are equiform with x.

Comparing Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and

Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Joyce The development of the scientific method started a revolution in thought that changed how people viewed the world. Scientists tested theories by creating experiments and carefully observing the results. The vastness of scientific discoveries raised questions about the role of the observer. According to Ralph Koster, the importance of observation in science led to the rise of the individual and an awareness of subjectivity. Society realized that the individual could determine the outcome of an experiment and that people could picture events differently depending on prior experience. In addition to changing the role of the individual, science also changed peoples views on religion. By contemplating experimental results, scientists created rules for how the universe operated. Nature became a knowable force that scientists described in a logical collection of laws. Thus, science took away much of the worlds mystery and changed how people viewed paragon. If the universe operated by rules, it wasnt requisite for God to be involved every moment. God became a clockmaker who started the universe and sat back to let it run. The rise of individuality and changing views on religion resulted in insecurity and isolation. Before the Romantic era, achieving oneness was often thought of as an act of grace given in mysterious moments. God was ineffable, but just. Because science encouraged the clockmaker view of ... ...nity. He embraces it all in a unique vision. Amazingly, in this total embrace, he recovers mystery disoriented in modern civilization. Works Cited Joyce, James. The Dead. The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York WW Norton, 2000. 2240-68. Koster, Ralph. Seeking the Beyond 29 March 3003. http//www.legendmud.org/Ralph/papers/transcendence.html Wordsworth, William. Preface to Lyrical Ballads. The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York WW Norton, 2000. 238-50 Wordsworth, William. Lines sedate a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey. The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York WW Norton, 2000. 235-237.

Comparing Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and

Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Joyce The development of the scientific method started a revolution in thought that changed how people aspected the world. Scientists time-tested theories by creating experiments and carefully observing the results. The importance of scientific discoveries raised questions about the role of the observer. According to Ralph Koster, the importance of observation in science led to the educate of the individual and an awareness of subjectivity. Society realized that the individual could determine the outcome of an experiment and that people could interpret events differently depending on prior experience. In growth to changing the role of the individual, science also changed peoples views on religion. By contemplating experimental results, scientists created rules for how the universe operated. Nature became a knowable force that scientists described in a logical collection of laws. Thus, science took away much of the worlds mystery and changed how people viewed idol. If the universe operated by rules, it wasnt necessary for God to be involved every moment. God became a clockmaker who started the universe and sat back to let it run. The rise of individuality and changing views on religion resulted in insecurity and isolation. Before the quixotic era, achieving oneness was often thought of as an act of grace given in mysterious moments. God was ineffable, but just. Because science encouraged the clockmaker view of ... ...nity. He embraces it all in a unique vision. Amazingly, in this total embrace, he recovers mystery lost in modern civilization. Works Cited Joyce, James. The Dead. The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. in the buff York WW Norton, 2000. 2240-68. Koster, Ralph. Seeking the Beyond 29 March 3003. http//www.legendmud.org/Ralph/papers/transcendence.html Wordsworth, William. Prefac e to Lyrical Ballads. The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. sore York WW Norton, 2000. 238-50 Wordsworth, William. Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey. The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York WW Norton, 2000. 235-237.

Predictive Analytics: the Future of Business Intelligence

The market is witnessing an unprecedented shift in caper intelligence (BI), hugely because of technological innovation and increasing demarcation needs. The up-to-the-minute shift in the BI market is the app arent movement from traditional analytics to prophetical analytics. Although prophetic analytics be retentives to the BI family, it is emerging as a distinct new computer softw ar sector. Analytical peckers enable greater transparency, and butt endful baring and analyze past and front trends, as well as the hidden nature of selective information. However, past and present insight and trend information are not enough to be competitive in business.Business organizations need to know more about the early, and in particular, about future trends, patterns, and customer behavior in order to understand the market better. To meet this demand, many BI vendors unquestionable predictive analytics to forecast future trends in customer behavior, buying patterns, and who is com ing into and leaving the market and why. Traditional analytical tools song to have a real 360 view of the enterprise or business, but they analyze only historical entropy information about what has already happened.Traditional analytics help gain insight for what was right and what went wrong in purpose-making. Todays tools merely fork over rear view outline. However, sensation cannot change the past, but one can prepare better for the future and decision contractrs want to enamour the predictable future, control it, and take actions today to attain tomorrows goals. What is Predictive Analytics? Predictive analytics are utilize to determine the presumable future outcome of an event or the likelihood of a situation occurring. It is the branch of data dig concerned with the prediction of future probabilities and trends.Predictive analytics is employ to automatic on the wholey analyze large amounts of data with different variables it includes clustering, decision trees, ma rket basket analysis, regression dumbfounding, neural nets, genetic algorithms, text excavation, hypothesis testing, decision analytics, and more. The heart element of predictive analytics is the predictor, a variable that can be streakd for an individual or entity to predict future behavior. For example, a credit card family could consider age, income, credit history, roughly new(prenominal) demographics as predictors when issuing a credit card to determine an applicants risk factor.Multiple predictors are combine into a predictive fashion model, which, when subjected to analysis, can be used to forecast future probabilities with an acceptable level of reliability. In predictive modeling, data is collected, a statistical model is formulated, predictions are made, and the model is validated (or revised) as additional data become available. Predictive analytics combine business knowledge and statistical analytical techniques to apply with business data to achieve insights. These insights help organizations understand how people behave as customers, buyers, sellers, distributors, etc.Multiple related predictive models can produce good insights to make strategic company decisions, like where to explore new markets, acquisitions, and retentions find up-selling and cross-selling opportunities and discovering areas that can improve security and fraud detection. Predictive analytics indicates not only what to do, but alike how and when to do it, and to explain what-if scenarios. A Microscopic and Telescopic View of Your Data Predictive analytics employs both a microscopic and telescopic view of data allowing organizations to see and analyze the minute details of a business, and to peer into the future.Traditional BI tools cannot accomplish this functionality. Traditional BI tools work with the assumptions one creates, and then ordain find if the statistical patterns match those assumptions. Predictive analytics go beyond those assumptions to discover prev iously unknown data it then looks for patterns and associations anywhere and everywhere between seemingly disparate information. Lets use the example of a credit card company operating a customer loyalty program to describe the applications programme of predictive analytics. Credit card companies try to retain their existing customers through loyalty programs.The challenge is predicting the loss of customer. In an ideal world, a company can look into the future and take appropriate action before customers switch to competitor companies. In this case, one can build a predictive model employing three predictors frequency of use, personal financial situations, and lower annual percentage rate (APR) offered by competitors. The combination of these predictors creates a predictive model, which whole shebang to find patterns and associations. This predictive model can be applied to customers who are start using their cards less frequently.Predictive analytics would classify these less fre quent users differently than the perpetual users. It would then find the pattern of card consumption for this group and predict a probable outcome. The predictive model could post patterns between card usage changes in ones personal financial situation and the lower APR offered by competitors. In this situation, the predictive analytics model can help the company to identify who are those unsatisfied customers. As a result, companys can respond in a timely manner to keep those clients loyal by offering them attractive promotional services to s counsel them away from switching to a competitor.Predictive analytics could also help organizations, such as government agencies, banks, in-migration departments, video clubs etc. , achieve their business aims by using internal and external data. On-line books and music stores also take advantage of predictive analytics. umpteen sites provide additional consumer information based on the type of book one purchased. These additional details are generated by predictive analytics to potentially up-sell customers to other related increases and services. Predictive Analytics and Data MiningThe future of data dig lies in predictive analytics. However, the terms data tap and data extraction are often confused with each other in the market. Data digging is more than data extraction It is the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases or data warehouses. Data mining, also known as knowledge-discovery in databases, is the practice of automatically searching large stores of data for patterns. To do this, data mining uses computational techniques from statistics and pattern recognition.On the other hand, data extraction is the process of pulling data from one data source and loading them into a targeted database for example, it pulls data from source or legacy system and loading data into standard database or data warehouse. Thus the critical difference between the two is data mining looks for patterns in data. A predictive analytical model is built by data mining tools and techniques. Data mining tools extract data by accessing massive databases and then they process the data with advance algorithms to find hidden patterns and predictive information.Though there is an obvious connection between statistics and data mining, because methodologies used in data mining have originated in fields other than statistics. Data mining sits at the common borders of several domains, including data base management, insubstantial intelligence, machine learning, pattern recognition, and data visualization. Common data mining techniques include artificial neural networks, decision trees, genetic algorithms, nearest neighbor method, and rule induction. major Predictive Analytics Vendors Some vendors have been in the predictive analytical tools sector for decades others have recently emerged.This section will briefly discuss the capabilities of notice vendors in predictive analytics. SAS SAS is one of the leaders in predictive analytics. Though it is a latecomer to BI, SAS started making tools for statistical analysis at least thirty years prior, which has helped it to move into data mining and create predictive analytic tools. Its application, SAS Enterprise Miner, streamlines the entire data mining process from data access to model deployment by sustenance all necessary tasks within a single, integrated solution. Delivered as a distributed client-server system, it is well suited for data mining in large organizations.SAS provides financial, forecasting, and statistical analysis tools critical for problem-solving and competitive agility. SAS is geared towards power users, and is difficult to learn. Additionally, in terms of real-time analytics, building dashboards and scorecards, SAS is a laggard compared to competitors like Cognos, Business Objects, and Hyperion however, its niche product in data mining and predictive analytics has made it stand out of the crowd. SPSS SPSS Inc. is another leader in providing predictive analytics package and solutions.Founded in 1968, SPSS has a long history of creating programs for statistical analysis in social sciences. SPSS today is known more as a predictive analytics software package developer than statistical analysis software. SPSS has contend a thought-leadership role in the emergence of predictive analytics, showcasing predictive analytics as an important, distinct segment within the broader business intelligence software sector. SPSS performs almost all general statistical analyses (regression, logistic regression, survival analysis, analysis of variance, factor analysis, and multivariate nalysis) and now has a full set of data mining and predictive analytical tools. Though the program comes in modules, it is necessary to have the SPSS Base System in order to fully benefit from the product. SPSS focuses on ease thus beginners make merry it, while power users may quickly outgrow it. SPSS is strong in the area of graphics, and weak in more cutting edge statistical procedures and lacks juicy methods and survey methods. The latest SPSS 14. 0 release has improved links to third-party data sources and programming languages. InsightfulAlong similar lines is Insightful Corporation, a supplier of software and services for statistical data analysis, data mining of numeric, and text data. It delivers software and solutions for predictive analytics and provides enterprises with scalable data analysis solutions that drive better decisions by unveil patterns, trends, and relationships. Insightfuls S-PLUS 7, is a standard software platform for statistical data analysis and predictive analytics. Designed with an open architecture and flexible interfaces, S-PLUS 7 is an ideal platform for integrating advanced statistical techniques into existing business processes.Another tool offered by Insightful is Insightful Miner, a data mining tool. Its ability to scale to large data sets in an accessible manner in one of its strengths. Insightful Miner is also a good tool for data import/export, data exploration, and data clear-cutsing tasks, and its reduces dimensionality prior to modeling. While it has powerful reporting and modeling capabilities, it has relatively low levels of automation StatSoft Inc. StatSoft, Inc. is a global provider of analytic software. Its flagship product is Statistica, a suite of analytics software products.Statistica provides comprehensive array of data analysis, data management, data visualization and data mining procedures. Its features include the wide selection of predictive modeling, clustering, classification and exploratory techniques made available in one software platform. Because of its open architecture, it is highly customizable and can be orient to meet very specific and demanding analysis requirements. Statistica has a relatively easy to use graphical programming user interface, and provides tools for all common data mining tasks howeve r, its charts are not easily available for the evaluation of neural net models.Statistica Data Miner another solution that offers a collection comprehensive data mining solutions. It is one of two suites that provides a support vector machine (SVM), which provides the framework for modeling learning algorithms. Knowledge Extractions Engines (KXEN) Knowledge Extraction Engines (KXEN) is the other vendor that provides a suite that includes SVM. KXEN is a global provider of business analytics software. Its self-named tool, KXEN provides (SVM) and merges the fields of machine learning and statistics. KXEN Analytic Framework is a suite of predictive and descriptive modeling engines that create analytic models.It places the latest data mining technology within reach of business decision makers and data mining professionals. The key components of KXEN are robust regression, smart segmenter, time series, association rules, support vector machine, consistent coder, sequence coder, model expo rt, and event log. One can embed the KXEN data mining tool into existing enterprise applications and business processes. No advanced technical knowledge is required to create and deploy models and KXEN is highly accurate data mining tool and it is almost fully automatic.However, one record must be submitted for every entity that must be modeled, and this record must contain a clean data set. Unica Affinium Model is Unicas data mining tool. It is used for response modeling to understand and anticipate customer behavior. Unica is enterprise merchandising management (EMM) software vendor and Affinium Model is a core component of the market- trail Affinium EMM software suite. The software empowers merchandising professionals to recognize and predict customer behaviors and preferencesand use that information to develop relevant, profitable, and customer-focused marketing strategies and interactions.The automatic operation of the modeling engine shields the user from many data mining oper ations that must be manually performed by users of other packages, including a choice of algorithms. Affinium is an easy to use response modeling product on the market and is suitable for the non-data miner or statistician, who lacks statistical and graphical knowledge. New variables can be derived in the spreadsheet with a rich set of macro functions however, the solution lacks data exploration tools and data preparation functions. Angoss Software CorporationAnother leading provider of data mining and predictive analytics tools is Angoss Software Corporation. Its products provide information on customer behavior and marketing initiatives to help in the development of business strategies. Main products include KnowledgeSTUDIO and KnowledgeSEEKER, which are data mining and predictive analytics tools. The company also offers customized training to its clients, who are primarily in the financial services industry. Angoss developed industry specific predictive analytics software like An goss Expands FundGuard, Angoss Telecom Marketing Analytics, and Angoss Claims & Payments Analytics.Apart from financial industry Angoss software is used by telecom, life sciences, and retail organizations. fine Isaac Corporation Along similar lines, Fair Isaac Corporation is the leading provider of credit scoring systems. The firm offers statistics-based predictive tools for the consumer credit industry. Model detergent builder 2. 1 addresses predictive analytics, and is an advanced modeling platform specifically designed to jump-start the predictive modeling process, enabling rapid development, and deployment of predictive models into enterprise-class decision applications.Fair Isaacs analytic and decision-management products and services are used around the world, and include applicant scoring for insurers, and financial risk and database management products for financial concerns. IBM Not to be leave out, the worlds largest information and technology company, IBM also offers p redictive analytics tools. DB2 Intelligent Miner for Data is a predictive analytical tool and can be used to gain new business insights and to harvest valuable business intelligence from enterprise data.Intelligent Miner for Data mines high-volume transaction data generated by point-of-sale, automatic transfer machine (ATM), credit card, call center, or e-commerce activities. It better equips an organization to make insightful decisions, whether the problem is how to develop more precisely targeted marketing campaigns, reduce customer attrition, or increase revenue generated by Internet shopping. The Intelligent Miner Scoring is built as an extension to the DB2 tool and works directly from the relational database.It accelerates the data mining process, resulting in the ability to make quicker decisions from a host of culled data. Additionally, because D2B Intelligent Miner Scoring is compatible with vaticinator databases, companies no longer have to wait for Oracle to incorporate b usiness intelligence capabilities into their database product. User Recommendations Depending on an organizations needs, some predictive analytics tools will be more relevant than others. Each has its strengths and weakness and can be highly industry-and model-specificthe algorithms and models built for one industry are not applicable to other industries.Financial industries, for example, have different models than what are used in manufacturing and research industries. Selecting the appropriate predictive analytics tools is not a simple task. The following capabilities must be taken into consideration algorithm richness, degree of automation, scalability, model portability, web enablement, ease of use, and the capability to access large data sets. The more diversified the business, the more functions and comical models are required.Model portability is important even within different business units in the same company. The scalability of the solution and its ability to handle expa nded functionality should also be verified and based on a business growth. The tools also have to be tested by the right experts. To understand and interpret predictive analytics results, one has to be knowledgeable about statistical modeling. One should look for the main functions and features of the tool and try to match them with their main requirements, as well as measure the trade off between functionality and cost.For example, some functionalities might be more important for some companies and less important for others. Buyers should also beware. Although marketing campaigns for predictive analytics solutions claim ease of use, these tools are not for beginners. Users require extensive training and expertise to use the core functionalities of the predictive analytics solutions, such as identifying data, building the predictive model with right predictors, data mining knowledge to align with business strategy etc.Furthermore, predictive analytics automates model building, but d oes not automate the consolidation of business processes and knowledge. Thus expertise and training are required to evaluate the best software relevant to an organizations unique business model. Nonetheless, if a company has or is willing to attain the expertise required to use predictive analytics it can definitely benefit from the tool. Although most large enterprises use some sort of traditional BI tool or platform, their tools do not provide predictive analytics functionality.Incorporating predictive analytics into an existing BI infrastructure can provide organizations a competitive advantage in their industry. Consequently, the integration of BI tools is a key consideration when selecting a predictive analytical tool, as is its integration with key applications such as enterprise resource planning, (ERP), customer resource management (CRM), and supply chain management (SCM) etc.Ultimately, since predictive analytics is currently the only way to analyze and monitor the busines s trends of the past, present, and future, selecting the right tool can be a key success factor in your BI strategy. About the origin Mukhles Zaman has more than twenty five years experience in the IT industry specializing in business intelligence (BI), customer relationship management (CRM), stray management, database design, and reporting software.He is a leading BI expert and has worked as a senior project manager on IT projects for Fortune 1000 companies in India, the Middle East, US, and Canada. He has also developed call center systems, software architecture, and portfolio management systems. He holds an MA in political economy, and a BA in Economics and Statistics from the University of Dhaka and is an Oracle Certified Professional. He can be reached at emailprotected com.

Work and Play

The perfect balance between seduce and play working hard and getting altogether the necessary assignments finished, and then being able to come about home and still have time to enjoy life. If someone is letting themselves be consumed with work and it is all they can think about, they are forgetting what life is unfeignedly all about. In society today, people need to become more aware that life is short hold outd, and we must get the nearly out of it. That means, when a person isnt at work, they shouldnt be working they should be doing something that they enjoy.In my future, I see myself dismissal into the military field of work, and with the military come a lot of traveling and adventure. Often, I pass on be living in places that I may have never even heard of. Also, I pass on experience things that many other people would never even dream of doing. The characteristics I for-see of my future work are as follows focus, organization, and get it ond work. I take care that if I want my life at home to be successful, I must first have a successful work life. Using these characteristics, I will be able to make sure that my work life does not interfere with my life at home.By focusing, the quality of my work will be at its absolute highest I will not become distracted by events happening at home or even in the world because I know I must focus on my work or else it will not meet the necessary standards. Also, by memory organized I will avoid many potential stressful moments. I will always know what it is I must get through for that particular day, and I will always know where the things I need are to complete those assignments. If I fell into the trap of becoming unorganized, I would most likely become too stressed out to enjoy my home life even the least bit.As well as staying organized I will always leave my work place with all of my assignments or tasks completely finished. By making sure of this, I will never have to headache about work when I am at home. Not only that, but I will be creating a less stressful environs for my employer as well because he will know that he can always depend on me to get my job done. If I manage to complete all of my work at the workplace, I should never run into problems with my work interfering with home life. Out side of work, one must get a line something to suck up their time in order to maintain the balance between work and play.Things such as relaxing, extracurricular activities, hanging out with friends, and visit with family peniss are all good ways of maintaining that balance. In my future I imagine that the things I choose to do when I am not working are spillage to be very vital for me if I want to keep my life as stress free as possible. Watching TV and resting are going to be very important ways of winding down for me, without being able to relax every once in a while my work would start to lack quality because I would become bored of it due to restless working.Another character istic of my play life would be sports and hobbies these two things are extremely important in my life because without them I would basically have nothing to do. By keeping myself active in sports I am able to live a healthy lifestyle, which can also positively affect my work life. Hobbies, on the other hand, can be a great way to find out something new about myself, and meet new people with similar interests. Next on my list would have to be hanging out with my friends and visiting with my family.People now-a-days must make sure that they find time for their family and friends, because if a person neglects a relationship with someone they can lose that friend or family member very quickly. Too often people become consumed with their work, and completely forget about their friends and family, because they are too busy to ever hang out with them. Although I see my life in the future being tremendous and stress free for the most part, I am slightly concerned about a few things.

Discuss the use of the historical notes in the Handmaid’s Tale

The historical notes are part of the novel but not part of Offreds narrative. They are there to provide an explanation of what happened to Offred and tramp her story into historical perspective. The historical notes are set 200 years after the Gilead regime. They are a parody of an academic discussion almost Offreds tale. The principal(prenominal) speaker whilst being a woman is also a Native American. This can be seen in her name Professor Marian Crescent Moon. As the conference graduates it becomes evident that most of the scholars are Native American e. g.Professor Pieixoto. This is unusual as traditionally whites on Natives usually study anthropology. However Atwood chooses to frolic this around to make the reader puzzled and makes a racial statement. The conference is held at the university of Denay in Nunavit. Denay is in northwest Canada which suggests that they control the Northwest of Canada as they come out to give birth a high social status. This reflects the time in which Atwood was writing as in the 1980 there was a fiery debate concerning this issue, in this and in her version the minority won and dominated.Atwood firstly uses the historical notes to make fun of academic conferences. This is obvious as the scholarly jargon is self-conscious and the humour exceedingly unfunny and complex. Therefore whilst amusing to the academics it is an instant off-putting for the reader which in turn outs him/her of the academics. Essentially all the reader wants to know is what happened to Offred and not if they are passing game on a fishing trip or not. These nature walks and fishing jaunts are menti unmatchedd briefly but purposefully at the beginning of the notes The fishing expedition will go for struggled. The conditions in which these people live are clearly naturally better and healthier than in Gilead.Atwood makes a point this to show a contrast but also explain why they are so ignorant in understanding Offreds life, as they could never contemp late what it was like and so could not sympathise with her suffering. The historical notes are a device used by Atwood to show the reader that everything she has written had actually happened before in one form or the other. The reference to Iran is probably most significant Iran and Gilead Two-late-twentieth-century Monotheocraties. They were so similar as in Iran the nations conservative Islamic revolution happened. It involved study de-modernizing and drastic restrictions of freedom of women. From this it is clear that Atwood got most of her inspiration from when creating the Handmaids.The Islamic authorities insisted that they were just protecting women and giving them a better quality of life. This is reflective of the commander in Offreds narrative when he says Weve given them more than than than weve taken away. The professor says the Romania had anticipated Gilead, in the 1980s banning all forms of birth control. This of course is what happened but it had divesting effec ts ion the spread of aids and orphaned babies.Pieixoto also adds the collective rope ceremony was an English village custom in the 17th century and is similar to Gileads Salvaging. Moreover, the red colour of the handmaids was borrowed from the uniforms of German prisoners of war I Canada in the second word war. Finally Margaret Atwood uses the professor to state her point by devising him say that there was little that was truly true or truly indigenous to Gilead its genius was synthesised.Consequently saying that there is nothing in the novel that hasnt already happened in the world we live in today. The professor at the same time as not picking up on Offreds personal account does realise the clever workings of the regime. For sheath the aunts had names derived from common commercial product to familiarise and reassure the handmaids. As mentioned Pieixoto is not interested in Offreds personal story but rather how it can tell him more about the Giliadian regime turning Offreds story into his own history. He is wholly oblivious to Offreds feminist themes. He says that our job is to censure and understand.Clearly he doesnt and completely sidesteps the critical moral issues raised by her account. He seems more interested in establishing the identity of her commander than herself the elusive commander, the gentlemen in question. Additionally he spends about two pages talking about him. The authenticity of the tapes seems to override the importance of their content. The covers of the tape are also significant as they reflect Offreds subject matter. Elvis Presley The prospering Years, he was one of the first male singers in the 60s to be associated with dirty sexual attraction i. e. the thrusting of the hips.Also there were tapes entitled Boy George Takes Off, he was an homosexual musical icon and Twisted Sister they represented loose independent women. Most of all of these names and the suggestions behind the names Gilead would have severally disapproved o f. This is just other way of Offreds small but yet significant rebellion against the regime. Professor Piexioto is an intriguing invention. Amongst the unusual social order in the historical notes and women appearing to be respected once again, Atwood throws in this completely contradictory character. He seems to by a complete sexist chauvinist pig.This is similar to the commander with whom he nonetheless shares a line my little yack away and little excitement. This suggests that both the professor and the commander think of themselves very highly. It is obvious that Professor Piexioto does not think its a little chat but rather an important speech/lecture. Atwood intentionally merges these two characters together to show that male attitudes and opinions, even though 200 years have passed, have not altered. The professor proves this in his speech when he talks about tails and frailrioads rather than female roads as called by Offred.He also whilst making a dig at the North America n peoples intelligence also insults both womens and Offreds intellect by saying she was an educated woman, insofar as a graduate of any North American college of the time may have said to be educated. Consequently, the historians discredit her story she already told us that the commander was in marker research. Nevertheless he goes along a separate line of investigation and coming to the same conclusion. Furthermore he seems annoyed with her for not providing him with more information about the Giliadian regime.This can be seen when he exclaims many gaps remain, some of which could have been filled in by our anonymous narrator, had she been in a opposite turn of mind. Then he adds It has a whiff of emotion this absolutely should outrage the reader as her whole story is based upon intense emotion and suffering, which he has no regard for. Ironically, the professor does exactly what Offred anticipated from the point of view of history. Well be invisible. So although Offred does get her story out she is treated the same as she was in the regime.Atwood does this to create a different kind of distopian in the readers mind and as in the narrative unsettle and make the reader outraged by confusion. The historical notes are supposedly here to answer unanswered questions but all it is extremely long explanations of a research with no concrete answers, which nettle as new and yet again, unanswered questions start to format. This is a device used by Margaret Atwood to further stimulate the reader into discussion not notwithstanding abut what happened to Offred but also question the society we live in today.

Impacts of Rupee Appreciation/Depreciation on Import

INTRODUCTION CURRENCY APPRECIATION- An increase in the value of adept specie in basis of another. Currencies appraise against each other for various reasons, including capital inflows and the state of a expanses flow account. Typically, a Forex trader trades a currency pair in the hopes of currency grasp of the base currency against the counter currency. CURRENCY DEPRICIATION- A decrease in thevalueof acurrencywith respect to other currencies. This means that the depreciated currency is worth(predicate) fewer units of some other currency.While dispraise means a reduction in value, it foundation be advantageous as it makesexportsin the depreciated currency less(prenominal)expensive. For example, suppose one unit of notes A is worth one unit of Currency B. If Currency A depreciates such that it becomes worth half of one unite of Currency B, then exports denominated in Currency A are scarcely half as expensive when traffic in a Currency B market. SIGNIFICANCE- * When a coun trys exports are high, the buyers of these exports need its currency to pay for those exports. When the countrys central bank increases chase points, people pull up stakes want that currency to stand by in the banks to earn that higher interest rate. * When employment and per capita income in a country increase, the demand for its crackings and go increases, along with demand for that countrys currency in the topical anaesthetic market. * Demand for any countrys currency on the foreign exchange market is determined by demand for that countrys exports of dangerouss and services and by changes in foreign investment in that country.This is because when foreigners buy another countrys exports of goods or services they must pay for these in the currency of the exporting country. * In the same management, Supply of any countrys currency on the foreign exchange market is determined by that countrys imports of goods and services and by its investment in other countries. * Thus when the demand for a currency rises its price goes up and it becomes costlier. * An increase in exports of a country go forth lead to an increase in demand for the currency and thus the value rises. * Rapid domestic growth increases the demand for mports, while slowly or no growth with foreign economies can cause a decline in demand for the countrys exports. * If prices in both countries re main the same, depreciation will make foreign goods relatively more expensive to you, leading to a go in imports. It also means that, even if prices remain the same, your goods will be cheaper to foreigners. They will buy more of your goods and exports will rise. As a result, your countrysnet exports will increase. * The devaluation of the dollar will have a positive feign on the importers, while it will have adverse effect on the exporters.Importers of goods and services will be getting the goods and services by stipendiary less theoretic FRAMEWORK- Currency depreciation is not at all good for economy of a country. Government always keeps an eye on currency fluctuation. much depreciation can cause major loss to a country. All this is related to export and import of a country. If a currency depreciates, it is the exporters who make good amplification, where as importers are on the losing side. Depreciation discourages purchases of trade goods stimulating demand for domestically manufactured goods.The governments worldwide monitor gustatory modality and depreciation by using powerful assholes like the base interest rates, which are usually set by the countrys central bank. Many a times this implement is often used to intentionally depreciate the currency rates to encourage exports. However, this can cause major damage to imports. Always a balance has to be maintained in the midst of export and import. Within a span of 5 year, the value of INR has significantly increased from around 40 to 54. 24 with respect to dollar. Indian economy is among the fastest growing eco nomies of the world.The appreciation of the rupees against the dollar would be another giant sign towards its economic prosperity and augmentation. However, the economic epidemics like poverty, unemployment etc. , could not be dealt in the short-run. In the past one year, the dollar has dropped by around 15 per cent against Indian rupees. This reveals that positive or negative impact on volume of export or import would be around 15 per cent, which cannot be over looked as the exporters are suffering losses, whereas importer are on gain. However, the impact will remain until there is depreciation of dollar against rupees.If it continues, then a great change can be expected on a long run in international trade arena. Another impact would be the fantasy of dollar has been losing ground day by day. From analyses made it egest that earlier people were, fascinate about dollar due to its value against Indian rupees. However, the scenario has completely changed. Those, who were visualizen ing to move to US for job, now might plan to settle in Britain, as British economy is one of the strongest economies in the world REASONS BEHIND INR DEPRECIATION (SINCE AUGUST 2011)Since the transition from fixed exchange rate regime to market determined exchange rate regime in March, 1993, the INR value with respect to the United States Dollar USD had decreased manifold (Dua & Ranjan, 2010). The primary reasons that catalyzed the INR fall could be the increased trade between other countries. Post liberalization, the country witnessed an ever-increasing flux in the foreign inflows particularly due to the enticing growth strength of the country. However, this effect could not overpower the gap between import and exports called the Trade Deficit.The offsetting effect of foreign inflows strengthened till mid-2008 (the rupee was once comfortably trading at 39. 15 INR/USD) when the banking crisis unfolded in the US leading to recession. Though commentators say that emerging economies li ke India and China were the least hit by the recession (in terms of output) (Ghosh & Chandrasekhar, 2009), the crisis took its toll on the INR. With the flight of foreign funds to safer haven currencies and better investment opportunities, the INR had no other choice but to fall. However, the recent round of depreciation of the INR is peculiar in some aspects.Though there was another crisis that hit the world markets, i. e. the Euro zone crisis, there was considerable lag in the effect, with the Euro zone crisis started looming as early as late-2010, the INRs depreciation is felt only in August 2011. Major reasons behind this depreciation can be listed in decreasing fellowship of importance as follows * Outflow of funds (and/or) Impeded inflow. * Increasing Current Account Deficit CAD * Recovery of USD and Japanese Yen JPY the long-term safe haven currencies. * Lack of hindrance from rbi FALLING RUPEE AGAINST DOLLAR 011 was the year of great stress for Indian Rupee. It has lost greater than 10 % of its value in the year 2011, qualification it one of the worst performing currencies in Asia. Logic says rupee appreciation shows the Indian economy is strengthening against US economy and depreciation makes the economy weaker. oversea funds sold more than US$500 million worth of Indian-listed shares over the last 5 years, reducing net income for 2011 to less than US$ three hundred million a tiny sum compared with record investments of greater than US$29 billion earned last year, on November 21, 2011 alone.According to Federal Bank report, the agio banks pay to borrow dollars overnight from central banks will fall by half a percentage point to 50 basis points. The move was merged with the fiscal authorities in Canada, the U. K, Japan and Switzerland and the Central Bank of Europe. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND RESERVE BANK OF INDIA The exchange rate is a significant tool used to examine the efficiency of economy. The exchange rate of the Indian rupee is d ependent upon the market conditions, where the demand and supply play a major role.In order to adopt the effective exchange rates the RBI makes buy and treat transactions to keep the low variability and volatility in exchange rates. RBI also removes the excess liquidity from the economy by increasing the CRR and SLR. The Government of India also managed floating exchange rate mechanism. This means that the Indian government interferes only when the circumstances demand and/or if the exchange rate gets out of inhibit by increasing or reducing the money supply. Hedging Using out front and futures contracts help in mitigating the risks arise due to exchange rate fluctuations.This process is known as Hedging, but none-the-less the impact is substantial. Reduce Trade Deficit The main factors for the depreciation of rupee are slowdown in capital flows, high trade and current account deficit and high crude oil prices. To arrest fluctuations in rupee it is necessary to reduce these defi cits. RBI Control Policy When rupee depreciates, it results in a price hike in the petroleum products and fertilizers. This increases the inflation. This becomes a challenging period for RBI. If they increase the key rates, it will affect our growth rate and there will be stock market crash.If it is not, inflation will kill the normal public. As per analysts, say the rupee depreciation is considered as a short-term scenario. The Indian market will be a good destination for FIIs in years to come. Huge investment is expected in the coming years. Gradually the rupee will gain its value. Investors need not annoy about the rupee depreciation. Since March 2010, Reserve Bank of India RBI hiked the interest rates 13 times and thus compromising on growth. RBIs interest rates hikes seemed futile since the inflation was due to supply falling short rather than the demand rising.Both inflation and RBIs action reduced the food colour of the vibrant economy once India displayed in 2007-2008. Acc ording to intelligence reports by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, sectors of India Exports are as follows- Sector of Import fate in Total Imports Petroleum 77 Heavy Engineering Goods 22 Pharmaceuticals 19 The sectors of Import gain if the rupee appreciates. They would have to pay less for the imported raw materials, which would increase their profit margins. Likewise, depreciation in rupee value makes exports cheaper and imports expensive.Exports from India are of handicrafts, gems, jewelry, textiles, ready-made garments, industrial machinery, leather products, chemicals and related products. Since the 1990s, India is the worlds largest processor of diamonds. The mentioned export items contribute substantially to foreign receipts. During the periods when the dollar was moving high against the rupee, exporters stood to gain, when $1 = Rs. 48, was getting them Rs. 4800 for every $100. Since the beginning of the year 2007, rupee appreciated by about 10%.Wit h its value of rupee Rs. 39. 35 = $1 as on 16 Nov 2007, for every $100, exporters would get only Rs. 3935. This difference is towing away the profit margins of exporters and BPO service providers alike. Imports to India are of petroleum products, capital goods, chemicals, dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals, iron and steel, uncut precious stones, fertilizers, pulp paper etc. With the same scenario as given for export, if we analyze an importer is paying Rs. 3935 now instead of Rs. 4800 paid during yester years for every $100.This gain on FX is likely to create savings in cost, which could be passed on to consumers, thereby add to control inflation Exhibit showing the quarterly values of Foreign Investment Flows in India SourcePublic Debt Management Quarterly Report (July-September 2011), Ministry of Finance, November 2011 decisiveness- Conclusively, appreciation and depreciation of rupee cannot certainly be taken as beneficial to the Indian economy in general. On one hand, the rupee a ppreciation will affect exporters, BPOs, etc. , on the other, rupee depreciation will affect importers.So now, it depends on what the future has to reveal for, how effectively the central bank can balance the FX rates with little impact to the relative areas of FX usage. Though RBI is trying its level best in controlling inflation, due to the inherent supply-driven disposition of the inflation, monetary controls remain as futile attempts. Systemic inefficiencies, like improper supply chains, must be immediately addressed by the Government to drop dead inflation. RBI has already done the damage by ruthlessly increasing the base rates and thus compromising the growth and discouraging investments.In order to control currency depreciation, any central bank is expected to hike the interest rates. Since the prevailing interest rates have already reached a high, RBI is lost in managing the exchange rates through interest rate hike. Another option left with RBI is to use its foreign excha nge reserves to sell dollars in the currency market to improve the value of INR. Though RBIs argument of non-intervention is justified (Gokarn, 2011), it must strike the right balance between intervention and controlled-intervention.Generally, foreign exchange reserves deplete because of daily operations of central banks in the wake of domestic currency depreciation. Considering all the above factors, is the way ahead gloomy for the Indian rupee? Well, nothing can be told so surely in this uncertain environment. The market sentiments truly drove the INR to the edge. The INR whitethorn correct itself and settle in a lower value than that is prevailing currently as the market sentiments fade out. On the other hand, tight monetary control by the RBI, which led to high interest rates, widened the interest rate differential thus inviting inflows.Overselling of rupee than that is necessary might have caused the slide in the value of INR. If the rupee starts rebounding, it would definitely start yielding high results due to the low base effect. Therefore, if the rupee is actually oversold, investors who are confident about the brisk Indian economy might put their money on the rupee since no other asset would give such high returns in this current scenario. However, there are conditions attached to the argument rupee must bounce back and foreign inflows must find their way back into the Indian economy.

Does privacy actually exist online

Google is set to make a major change to their foothold of Service that will allow the company to use the user name and profile pictures of its Google Plus account members in reviews, advertising, and other commercial contexts. This, coupled with Facebooks juvenile announcement that they are removing a setting that previously allowed users to be undiscoverable through their Graph Search, raises the question oes privacy actually exist online? In the role of Google, the company says it plans to only share user names and profile hotos in conjunction with content users have chosen to help curate. For typeface, they may use the +1 you gave your favorite local bakery in an ad that the bakery runs through Google, or your rating of an album on your favorite bands Google Play page may she shared with those in your Google Plus circles.Although users will be able to opt out and ensure whether their image and name appear in ads via the Shared Endorsements setting, this is a major change fo r the platform that puts it more closely in line with Facebooks much scrutinized privacy policies. Its also a move that s likely to disarray users who flocked to Google from Facebook because of privacy concerns and raises the question of what Google may be planning for the future.Not to be outdone, Facebooks announcement that everyone will be searchable after the removal of an old privacy setting is bringing up many eyebrowsand rightfully so. Were removing the setting because it isnt as useful as it was before, read an announcement from Facebook when I recently logged in to my individual(prenominal) account. So, naturally, choosing to remove the setting tout ensemble is better than attempting to mprove this tool which would enable account holders to control who can view their profiles? Apparently so.Both companies seem to be using the argument that users are in control of what they share, and therefore are presenting an implied endorsement of sorts that they believe they have th e rights to use for monetary or promotional gain. While it is truthful that status updates about a eating place you like, a snapshot at an event you went to, or what youre listening to, watching, or reading are put there by the users themselves, shouldnt it also hold true that the information we hare about ourselves should still remain our information?Although there are laws, both state and federal, currently in place that are suppositional to safeguard net income users, these controls are not assurance that we are sheltered from companies using our personal information in ways we did not intend. Frequently these laws, and roughly frequently the privacy policies of internet companies, put an increasing amount of control in the hands of internet users, who unfortunately, often have inadequate training in and knowledge of the digital landscape.This puts teens, the elderly, and other marginal web users at risk, as they are uninformed and uneducated to make the appropriate choices needed to protect their personal information on the internet. Even for more advanced internet users such as myself, it often difficult to understand my online privacy rightsnot to mention that internet companies are not always transparent. As social media becomes more, well, social, companies like Google and Facebook should be taking the needed steps to make their privacy measures easier to comprehend and user friendly.In the example of Facebooks most recent privacy privacy shortcuts. Okay, sure, but how? With the ambiguous nature of online privacy now and the Jargon of its top providers, digital literacy is an increasing must. Who should be responsible for(p) though? Should the command be placed on internet companies? Should it be left to the online user? Without a precise solution, the future of online privacy is clouded and the mend fix for the time being is to stay enlightened and precautiousotherwise your semi-private musings may turn up in a not-so- private place.

Concept of Sustainable Development

The concept of sustainable development is based on the upgrade environmental problems, socio-economic issues to do with penury and inequality, and concerns about a healthy future for humanity. There is no definitive definition of sustainable development as it is intellection of differently by many other people throughout the world. Sustainable Development is founded on the principle that mankind should advance without causing permanent vituperate to eco outlines and the resources they provide, how these resources are used, the processes that are used to get these resources and who has access to them.All the above stated should be taken into consideration without posing risks to future generations. Sustainable development female genitals be seen as as the connection between environment, society and economy, which is thought of being separate yet connected bodies. The economy is often given antecedency in policies and the environment is viewed as apart from humans. They are direc tly linked where the economy is dependent on society and the environment, and society is dependent on, and within the environment. Issues to do with society such as sustainability of communities and the maintenance of cultural diversity are often sidelined.Economics came to be the leading issue of human relations with economic growth, be by increasing production, as the main priority. Changing the quality of growth, meeting important needs, merging environment and economics in decision making mend emphasizing human development, participation in decisions and equality in benefits are things that can be done to eliminate poverty, meet human needs and procure that all get a fair share of resources. Social justice today and in the future is a key component of the concept of sustainable development. This is seen as the key to humanitys well-being and, through growth, poverty would be reduced.Most countries have no programs or policies that moodyer any real swear of narrowing the gro wing gap between rich and poor. This has caused damage to the environment which we depend on, with a downward spiral of poverty and environmental degradation. Environmental problems expose peoples health, livelihoods and lives and threaten future generations. Global prosperity and human well-being can be achieved through increased global trade and industry. squirt applied science is designing, building and manufacturing of products and processes including energy utilization and waste production that has the least negative impact on the environment possible.It includes all of the engineering disciplines, and is based off of current engineering design principles. Green Engineering can be defined as environmentally conscious attitudes, values, and principles, combined with science, technology, and engineering practice, all direct toward improving local and global environmental quality. It is usually used when referring to buildings, but it can be used for automobiles, lights or any other sort of system or device that requires engineering. Current design concepts in automobiles that are considered environmentally friendly are hybrid technologies flex fuel vehicles, and even electricity.Though green engineering is somewhat more expensive, many countries, recognizing the value of this type of engineering by offering tax breaks and other incentives to the people and companies that incorporate its use. Green engineers need to interpret how building materials, techniques and other components can be made in an environmentally-friendly way. This may include the use of solar powered appliances, especially water heaters, solar lights or windows and other design elements. Elements outside the building, such as the irrigation system and other landscaping features need to be taken into consideration also.It is likely that in the actually near future we will be seeing green cities where cities are constructed to be healthy and environmentally friendly environments thus al leviating issues such as poverty in inequality within society. References 1. Abrahammson, K. V. 1997. Paradigms of sustainability. In S. Sorlin, ed. The road towards sustainability, A historical perspective, A sustainable Baltic Region, The Baltic University programme,Uppsalla University, pp. 30-35. 2. Hanna, S. & Munasinghe, M. 1995. eds.Property rights in a social and ecological context, Case study and design apllications, The Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics and the World Bank, Washington D. C. 3. OECD. 1997. Environmental indicators for agriculture, Paris. 4. Robinson, J. & Tinker, J. 1995. Reconciling ecological, economic and social imperatives Toward an analytical framework, SDRI raillery Papers Series, 1995-1, Sustainable Development Institute. Vancouver, Canada. 5. Anastas, P. T. , and Zimmerman, J. B. , Design through the Twelve Principles of Green Engineering, Env. Sci. and Tech. , 37, 5, 94A-101A, 2003.

Toefl Treating Pets Like Family Members

The issue of treating pets like family members is a debatable one. On the one hand, pets argon charming creatures that mean a sell for their owners. But on the other hand, people should not forget that pets are animals which have specific instincts and habits differ from those of human beings and, as a result, able to do harm to people. However, in the final analysis, I think that pets are good friends of people and shall be treated accordingly.One reason in support of my thought is that pets like real family members spend together with their families a great amount of time. Pets and their owners do a sight of things together from ordinary home stuff much(prenominal) as playing games, walking and watching TV to going shopping, visiting friends and traveling. When there is a child in a family pets become his little friends that everywhere follow him while parents are busy with their house work.So pets are always near their owners, ready to share owners joy and troubles, bringing a lot of fun for the whole family and making family members smile and feel pleased and happy. One would never feel lonely with them. Another reason for my thinking is that some pets are good caretakers. They see to the house, secure their owners and protect them from danger, help to take care of children. Maybe one of the best examples of pets care is dogs that help blind people operate in their everyday life.Pets would never leave their owners alone in a difficult situation. Perhaps, the best reason is that treating pets as family members has a good influence on childrens education. Looking after the pet, children will learn not to be selfish and to think and take care about the others. For the above reasons, I wherefore conclude that having pets is an advantage for people and pets owners can really benefit from treating pets like family members.

Indian Motorcycles: America’s First Motorcycle Essay

The specific purpose of this entry is to inform the auditory sense and give a brief insight into the account of the Indian Motorcycle Company. The desired outcome of this presentation is to give a sense of understanding to the audience with regards to Indian Motorcycles. 1. Introduction Indian Motorcycles An exquisitely knowing machine, a thrilling history and a wellknown rivalry with its competition Harley Davidson, makes the Indian Motorcycle a fiction in its own time. The history of the Indian Motorcycle dates back to the turn of the 20th century. They have interpreted our troops into two World Wars and have set land speed records, one of which still stands today. a. the Statess love for the bike began in 1900 with bicycle functionr George M. Hendee and locomotive engineering wizard Carl Oscar Hedstrom. In 1901, the partners, who were twain former bicycle racers, unveiled their runner creation, the 1901 Single.This was a 1.75 bhp, single cylinder engine in Hendees home t own of Springfield. b. The Indian Motorcycle was produced from 1901 to 1944 under the Indian name. In 1945, the company was sold and amalgamate into the Torque Engineering Company. Later, the company was divided, with manufacturing going to the Atlas Corporation and distribution to The Indian Sales Corporation. future(a) the war, Indian struggled with re-entry into the public market. In 1953, with sales continuing to plummet, Indian was forced to halt production. c. After many attempts to revive the Indian name since its close in 1953, several formerly competing companies merge to become the Indian Motorcycle Company in 1998. Manufacturing begins in 1999, but the venture proves unsuccessful, and 2003 is the companys final specimen year.d. In 2004, Stephen Julius and Steve Heese, business partners who resurrected the dying Chris-Craft Boat Company, turned their attention to Indian. They acquired the trademark rights and in 2008 production began. In 2009, Indians start rolling of the assembly line in Kings Mountain, NC. and production continues through today. 2. Competition and the Indian a. one(a) of the American firms best early results came in the Isle of Man TT race in 1911, when Indian riders Godfrey, Franklin and Moorehouse finished first, second and third. b. Indian star Jake De Rosier set several speed records both(prenominal) in America and at Brooklands in England, and won an estimated 900 races on dirt-tracks. He left Indian for excelsior and died in 1913, aged 33, of injuries sustained in a race crash. c. In 1967, New Zealander Herbert Burt Munro, a 68 year old grandfather, used a self-modified 1920s Indian Scout to an under-1000cc land-speed record at the Bonneville flavour Flats which clocked him at a top speed of 2063 miles per hour. Forty four years later, Munro and his Indians record still stands. This was dramatized in the 2005 film The Worlds Fastest Indian. 3. youthful Marvels a. In 1904, Indian wins the Gold Medal for Mechanical Exce llence at the St. Louis Exposition. b. In 1906, Indian released the first American production V-Twin. More than 100 years later, the V-Twin engine remains most popular cruiser-motorcycle engine design. c. In 1940, Indian engineers incorporate the use of plunger. This is a spring, coupled to an oil-dampened shaft, and together becomes rear suspension.d. In 1943, Indian wins the coveted Army-Navy Production Award for its highly advanced shaft-drive, four-speed motorcycle built for the military. 4. Indian Models a. Indian affirmd the Twin in 1907. b. In 1920, Indian expanded the model lineup to five. c. The revolutionary Scout, the 95 mph Chief, the even more powerful Big Chief, the lightweight Prince and the awesome 4-cylinder Four. d. In 1932, The Pony Scout and the athletic contest Scout were both introduced.5. Conclusion In conclusion, Indian Motorcycles have withstood the test of time, although hard times did dip upon them and bankruptcy was filed. Production was halted for a n umber of years, but in the end Americas inaugural Motorcycle has solidified its name in Americas history books. Indian Motorcycles proved to be engineering marvels from the first moment of conception through today. From the battlefields of World War 1 and 2 to the racetracks of age gone by, Indian Motorcycles are an American Icon.ReferencesJohnstone, G. Classic Motorcycles p. 44, 46-47 Tiger Books International PLC, 1993 Franklins Indians Irish motorcycle racer Charles B Franklin, designer of the Indian Scout & Chief, by Harry V Sucher, Tim Pickering, Liam infield and Harry Havelin, pp. 46-50, Panther Publishing Ltd, 2011 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 11 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 108-109 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 Online Museum for Indian Bicycles. Retrieved 2011-10-03 Wilson, H. The ultimate Motorcycle Book p. 31 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1993 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 271 D orling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 Wilson, H. The Ultimate Motorcycle Book p. 37 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1993 http//www.indianmotorcycle.com/ rendering of VisualsTitle cut 1 This sailplaning introduces my presentation, states my name, date, class/number and Professor. Introduction swoop 2 With this veer, I formally introduce my presentation. I used alter that are appealing to the eyes and relevant to the colors of my topic. The envision is a vintage Indian sign displaying one of Indians first logos. Main Point luxate 3 This slide displays pictures of each of the two men that started Indian Motorcycles and gives a brief history of the men. Slide 4 This slide describes more history and the picture represents a 1940s logo. Slide 5 This slide continues with history and the picture is of the traditional Indian Head Fender Light. Slide 6 This slides finishes out the history portion of my presentation and the picture is of Indians biggest motorcycle The Big Chief. Slide 7 Wit h this slide, I introduce the competition part of my presentation and the picture is of an Indian hill climb race. Slide 8 The slide talks about the racing efforts and the pictures are of two of Team Indians top racers.Slide 9 This slide talks about the record setting Herbert Burt Munro and his top speed of 205 mph. The picture is of Mr. Munro and his machine. Slide 10 With this slide, I introduce the engineering achievements and awards that Indian won. The pictures are of a V-Twin engine, a military Indian and the Indian corporate factory. Slide 11 This slide list the various models that Indian produced and the pictures are of the Sport Scout, the V-Twin and the Pony Scout. Conclusion Slide 12 This slide re-visits the main points of the presentation and finishes sour with a Famous Indian Motorcycle quote. No pictures as of yet.

Conceal to Open Carry

When it comes to the counterbalance to openly entertain, some(prenominal) feel its the dear thing to pass the OCW law of nature In Wisconsin for a law imperishable citizen to regeneratefully carry a conceal weapon. A normal citizen would feel threatened if he or she encounters a individual who is licitly carrying a firearm in public. And a convicted felon or an citizen who does not possess a permit to carry might feel threatened by a citizen who carries his flamer legally when he or she encounters that individual and might pose a threat to that individual or himself to defend their self.With the new-fangled uprising in ruby-red crime this year due to the recent drop of the economy, Wisconsin should not have a Concealed Carry Law as it would increase the already too many electric rays that atomic number 18 on the street and increase the odds of more gun violence. This issue of open carry a concealed weapon Is becoming an alarming topic In Wisconsin and In Illinois which fe el that allowing this law will help in the decrease of violent crime.However, with the recent reports of the top ten cities which have the terminal poverty rate shows that they have a steady rate In violent crime. ND the robbery rate Is astounding. The threat of the latest release of the major cities that is experiencing a drastic drop of poverty argon experiencing a rise of robberies and a steady pace of gun violence with the fact that Milwaukee, WI are noticing a rise in violent crime in 2010, hence the crime rate was at its low in five years in 20091.The recent uprising of robberies and homicides In Milwaukee are making blushful flags go offer Legislatures to try to constitute on what can be done so that this recent rise does not continue. In addition, with the big issue of straw buying and open gun shows that with the right to be able o purchase firearms without having to go through any background checks give the right for many illegal firearms to purchase and used in violen t crimes. Even though the rate of violent crime in many of the major cities are declining with a great rate the rise of homicides and shootings are rising.In cities such as Detroit. Philadelphia, the State of Ohio and SST. Louis are noticing a rise in gun shootings which do spend the right to conceal carrying a firearm (Concealed Carry Laws and Homicide Rates). The legislature of gun laws feel that the right to conceal carry can help eliminate Eileen crime and most states shows a decline In violent crime that firearms are used but for the major cities that actually permits open carry are still having their share of increase in violent crime.Since 1999 when the US experienced a 30-year low in violent crime, most of these major cities have experienced a dramatic Increase In gun violence. atomic number 42 permitted concealed carrying beginning in September 2003. Since then the murder rate in Missouri has gone up 8. 8% while the rate of rape has risen DAY 14 2 http//city. Milwaukee. jam/Deliberativeness/201 October/Policemen)-Reports-11- Straight-Quarter. HTML

Increase in Tommy John Surgery Amongst Young Athletes

In order to keep up with the competition, athletes must constantly consume wind for a competitive advantage. in that respect are many itinerarys to do this, both good and bad, intelligent and illegal. The hottest trend in todays society is very unique and out of the ordinary. Young athletes have been turning to a mathematical operation called Tommy John surgey in order to get a boost in athletic performance. This cognitive operation has been sought out by these young athletes hitherto when non injured, and this has outraged many professionals and doctors around the world.This increment trend has been highly debated and will continue to be until virtually sort of guidelines are set. Tommy John mathematical operation is reconstructive mathematical operation of the ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow. This surgical procedure has been common amongst college and professional athletes over the last-place few decades, most notably baseball game players. The functioning was first performed in 1974 on former major League Baseball star Tommy John by ready Frank Jobe. The surgery was so revolutionary, Doctor Jobe decided to name the surgery after his first patient.The process for Tommy John surgery is a quite a simple process that has evolved over time. Basically, when ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow becomes damaged, a tendon necessitate to be taken from another part of the body in order to replace the damaged one. The new-sprung(prenominal) tendon is carefully woven into a figure eight pattern in the elbow bone. T pre displace is a slight risk of damage to the ulnar nerve, but if done carefully, the process is pretty minute these days. One of the key reasons why young athletes are opting for this surgery is the rising succeeder rate incessantly since it has been in existence.When it was first discovered and performed, the surgery was given a 1 in 100 success rate by surgeon Frank Jobe. The success rate as of 2009 is an astonishing 85- 92 percent. The time it takes to detect depends on the sport, and the position played in that sport. On average, it takes between 6 and 12 months to fully recover, with baseball swagers taking the longest. The causes for this surgery screwing be a variety of situations. Through the repetitive stress of the throwing motion, the ulnar collateral ligament can become stretched, frayed, or torn severly.In pitchers, the total number of pitches thrown is the best way to monitor elbow issues. The type of pitch thrown, such as a curveball or a slider, in like manner has an effect but not quite as much of one as the number of pitches thrown. Children these days are beind overworked more than ever, thus causing a dramatic increase in elbow issues in young athletes. The growing concern with this surgery as of late has been the urge of these teenagers who want to get this surgery even when they are not injured.The reason for this is because since so many athletes come back from this surgery contend at a much higher level than pre-surgery, these young kids figure that they might as well(p) get the surgery before they can get hurt. Parents are also at fault here as well because there are many cases where the parent is the initiator as well. Beau Wycoff, a freshman baseball player for his hometown high tutor Toms River North, is facing this same issue. His father believes that he should get Tommy John surgery because he doesnt throw as hard as the other boys on the team.He isnt looked at as a extend player, and his father believes that this will make him stronger and throw much harder. Beau is not on the same page and is very torn about this situation. I want to be the teams top pitcher, but having this surgery when Im not hurt is something I am not sure about, Beau said. This is solely an example of what goes on all over the country with young athletes and their decisions to acheive a competitive advantage. In an e-mail response from the center of attention for Spo rts Parenting, they simply are irate about this situation.They believe that there should be a significant medical issue with the elbow for someone to legally go through with the surgery. as well mentioned was haul from parents in order to get this surgery is a huge concern in dealing with this topic. The Center believes that operating on a perfectly healthy elbow in order to get some kind of advantage is an unnecessary risk for a young athlete. Situations like these make Tommy John surgery look like its a bad thing, and that certainly is not the case. It should only be seen as a bad thing when it is abused by people who truly do not need it.This surgery has been proven by many studies to be very positive. In one study where a questionarre was sent out to 743 patients who had the surgery, 94. 5 percent were baseball players and the other 5. 5 percent were track, football, and other. Out of these people questioned, 622 patients or 83 percent, returned to their previous level of play or higher. The average recovery time of these patients was 11. 6 months. Also recorded was that only 10 percent of these patients had complications, which were mostly minor.Guisto Salicetti has been a baseball pitcher since he was 7 years old. He came to St. Peters College on a baseball scholarship after dominating the high school ranks for 4 years. After arriving at school he soon had elbow troubles and found out he needed Tommy John surgery. The surgery went well and he is currently lightly throwing and should be able to pitch in a game in no time. The surgery was a very positive for me and even though the recovery has been a lot of hard work, hopefull it will all be worth it in the end, Guisto said.Tommy John surgery has become a phenomenon in the last couple of years. If done for the right reasons, the procedure is a great innovation is surgical medicine. There are some circumstances where this surgery can be abused and mistreated. This needs to be addressed in the near future because young athletes and parents are taking this too far. Tommy John surgery should be all about success stories and revitalizing careers, not about controversy and potentially ruining a young teenagerss promising athletic experience.

An Analytical Response to the 1978 film, F. I. S. T. Essay

The plot of the take away basic wholey revolve around the life of a worker who desperately seeks a better and a more comfortable life by working hard in a literally low-paying demarcation with a management who imposes very harsh and unjust rules and guidelines. The tarradiddle also deals with the struggles of the workers to earn respect and the correctly and fair kind of treatment they deserve. The plot centers on the life and struggles of Johnny Kovacs character which was contend by Sylvester Stallone.The character was portrayed as a willful trucker who decided to join the coalition of Interstate Truckers (FIST) to fight and campaign for just treatments among all the countrys truckers like him (F. I. S. T. 1987). Through protrude the account, Kovac was challenged by a lot of more mogulful individual since he was seen as a very strong threat to their deceptive intentions. He also received a lot of threats and physical tortures since he was actually fighting very powerful m uckle.But despite all these challenges, Kovac was nevertheless able to produce that he is stronger than anyone who opposes his intentions to uplift the lives of simple truckers who just deserve fair treatment from their superiors. This was the major conflict and thrusting of the story. Kovac, as the main protagonist both serves as a hero and the base character of the story where all the other conflicts and highlights argon based from. The story emphasized on Kovacs beliefs and his efforts of fighting for their rights as truckers.Kovac and all the other characters in the story were portrayed to be simple and typical people with whom, viewers idler easily empathize. However, his defeat and death at the end has put a rather dingy and saddening effect to the story. II. Issues The story was basically about the lives and struggles of truckers. Just like other workers, truckers have rights and privileges that they can convey from their superiors. However in this photograph, the work ers were rather treated unjustly by the management. They were given inadequate compensation and some(prenominal) unfair rules and regulations have been imposed on them.Kovac, as a trucker himself stood up and fought for his principles and afterwards fought for the set of the tire union, FIST, which he became part of. The movie had a particular emphasis on the laborers rights and privileges. The unjust treatments to these workers portrayed in the film are one manifestation that in the real world, this unmerited treatment is also observable. Through the depiction of this issue it can be implied that some capitalist whitethorn really have been so fed up by their wealth that they forget that there are still other important affairs to consider aside from getting richer and this is the welfare of their workers.And because of this issue, the characters of the movie can be observed to seek for their rights and privileges in a rather aggressive way because of the un nice manner their or der has used to treat them. The issues were basically about, (1) what implications can unjust treatment and deprivation of privileges causes workers and (2) how well do labor unions actually help in eliminating the hostile births between workers and companies.And because this issue has been depicted to have taken all the patience of the workers, some of them have even developed stronger sense of selfishness and edacity. Some also developed greed towards money. Kovac on the other hand became more and more obsessed of recruiting for member to join FIST since he wanted his mission and his intention to voice out the wants of the workers to be accomplished as early as he can. These implications may in some ways appear similar to the effects of unjust treatments to laborers people experience in real life.Just like in this film, people may indeed rise hostile and aggressive once their rights and privileges will be disadvantaged of them. But nonetheless, if there is one lesson that this movie was able to send out, it is the fact that it is never just and acceptable to fight for ones principle in destructive ways. III. Discussion In several ways, this movie appears to carry considerable significance to the real occurrences of unjust treatment among workers in the society.In real life, these incidents are undeniable that is why unions exist. However, the arguable thing is this movie is that Kovac and his other colleagues appeared to fight for what they believe in rather hostile and destructive ways which further made the situations worse. Aside from this, a lot of characters were also depicted to be deceived by wealth and power which made them turn their . backs to their moral perspectives. Thus, this can be considered as one of the moral threats unjust treatments can really cause an individual.In its entirety, the movie appears to be a total representation what goes on in a union and how its members fight for what they believe in. But what appears to be an upsetti ng and disturbing part of the story is the aggression and immorality which brought about . worse situations and events. IV. Opinion Truly, every person in this world deserve fair treatment as every person deserves equal rights and privileges as well. In a company, the relationship of the executive management to the workers can be considered very crucial.In order to corpse a pleasant relationship between these two, each party must respect and provide the deserved treatment and profit of the other party. Because once this rule is broken, hostility might definitely spark which will eventually form an unpleasant relationship between the workers and the management. Personally, I think the movie had an interesting inspiration however, the real essence was not that effectively sent out to the viewers because of the distractions that came from all the unnecessary actions and violence portrayed in the film.But nonetheless, I see this film as a good depiction of how worse a situation may get once a workers rights and privileges be unjustly deprived from him or her. Works Cited F. I. S. T. (1987) Plot Summary. The Internet Movie Database. IMDb. com. (n. d. ). (14 May 2009). . F. I. S. T. Dir Norman Jewinson. Writer Joe Eszterhas and Sylvester Stallone. Cast Sylvester Stallone, magnetic pole Steiger, Peter Boyle, Melinda Dillon, David Huffman, Kevin Conway and Tony Lo Bianco. Chateau Productions, 1987.

Boundaryless Organizations

In deciding issues such a distri preciselyion of authority, reporting relationships, span of control and centralisation/decentralization, the structure of the brass instrument will result. It is worth noting that the current tendency is to move to flatter organization having less hierarchical levels and to a greater extent flexible reporting arrangements. This is what a boundaryless organization is about. As a different mass of organizational structure, it is not defined by, or limited to, the boundaries imposed by a predefined structure. Boundaries in this scene can be external and internal in nature.Internal boundaries be horizontal boundaries imposed by pasture specialization and departmentalization and steep boundaries that separate employees into organizational levels and hierarchies. The external boundaries are those that separate the organization from its customers, suppliers, and bran-new(prenominal) stakeholders. The boundaryless organization breaks polish up the a rtificial boundaries created by a design such as departmentalization and hierarchies, and the external boundaries separating the organization from its suppliers, customers and other stakeholders.General Electrics former chairman, Jack Welch, coined the term boundaryless organization to describe is idea of what he cherished GE to become (Ashkenas, Ulrich, Jick and Kerr (1995). It has been called by different names since the 21st century network organization, modular corporation, the new corporate model, the new corporate architecture or virtual corporation, to name a few. And because it relies heavily on information technology, some affirm turned to calling this structure the T-form (or technology-based) organization.Industries and Organizations Suitable for a Boundaryless Organizational bodily structure From its foundation, to a greater extent than one hundred years ago, the learning of organizations has rested on a single conjecture that there is and/or should be a sole right s tructure of organization. This one-size-fits-all thought still keeps on until today. What is offered as the one right bloodline structure has altered on much than one occasion, but the exploration for the one-size-fitting-all organizations continues these days.Probably the most suitable organization for a boundaryless organizational structure is manufacturing companies which operate on a global scale. However, it may be noted that no one structure meets all the business requirements on a lower floor all conditions. It is alship canal important to periodically evaluate the organization structure to determine whether it is still clutch to the changing needs. The decision maker should list the strengths and weaknesses of each structural alternative and also develop business priorities for attributes such as cycle-time reduction or scale/scope of manufacturing, etc.Then the choice of structure can be made to meet the top priorities. Advantages In youthful years, many organizations have attempted to become more(prenominal) boundaryless by maintaining flatter structures and allowing a more free flow of communication and influence with customers and suppliers. As an example, a boundaryless organization might encourage the contracting of services across functional or product-line boundaries. With such contracting comes closer contact and natural development of customer-supplier relationships between previously separated groups.One specific example increasingly common in recent years involves the contracting of human resource services between an HR department and other units of an organization. The boundaryless organization aims to do away with pecking order, have unlimited span of control, and substitute units with empower teams. The breaking down of boundaries between an organization and its external customers has also caused those customers to take a more alert role toward the organization and its management.For example, in service settings that have adopte d boundaryless orientations, external customers increasingly become more involved in the design and delivery of the companys HRM practices. By taking away vertical boundaries, the management evens out the chain of command. Status and rank are minimized and becomes flexible and responsive. Another good is that it dissolves temporal, geographical, hierarchical, legal and economic boundaries.The extent to which an organization has attempted to reshape its boundaries structurally toward boundarylessness coincides with the appropriateness of 360 degree feedback. For example, a flatter structure would increase the need for upward appraisals and feedback, as managers attempt to gauge the effectiveness of their leading behaviors. Disadvantages Any discussion of the benefits or transcendence of the boundaryless organization should, however, consider the limitations and disadvantages of this new structure.These may include inadequacy of control due to the increase in its span, communicatio n difficulties due to personality and cultural differences, stifling of innovation, ambiguities in the nature of relationships, asymmetric commitment, conflict in control, loss of autonomy and security, time lags, managing complexity, structural constraints, narrow managerial perspectives, manipulation and ulterior motives, mismatched or incomplete knowledge and competence, increased dependencies and so on. Also, the fact that volume are motivated by different things and in different ways is something that managers are constantly apprised of.Thus, there are times when delayering and the flattening of hierarchies can create insecurity and lower staff morale (Peters, 1992). During the swear out, employees commonly feel that they are being stripped off their responsibilities, interpreting it as lack of trust on the part of the management. Creating a Boundaryless Organization Picot, Reichwald and Wigand (2008) observed that there have been copious cases of businesses delayering thei r organizational structures in recent years. According to advocates of the structure, one of the most effective ways of building responsiveness into organizations is to eliminate layers of management.The benefits gained from delayering could be in full realized only through a number of significant accompanying organizational changes. Looking more into internal procreation to meet the firms needs, citing cost pressures to cut back on spending for occupational training and outsourcing, which pushes the costs of training lower down the supply chain, often onto small and medium size enterprises which are in no position to finance such training are a number of ways to overcoming any problems that the delayering process creates.The managers and leaders role into this process, since they are the management people coming in juxtaposed contact with the employees, is to communicate, consult and plan on the measures that need to be taken in order for the delayering process to become benefic ial to the organization as a whole.Cross-hierarchical teams (which includes top executives, middle managers, supervisors and operative employees), participative decision-making practices, and the use of 360-degrees functioning appraisals (in which peers and others above and below the employee evaluate his or her performance) are examples of what a boundaryless organization should be doing to break down vertical boundaries. Conclusion Many factors have contributed to the rise of the boundaryless organization. One is the need to respond to rapidly changing, highly competitive global markets.Another factor is new technology, such as computers and telecommunications that permits organizations to work more effectively. Employees then have a vast amount of information at their fingertips through an intranet. This idea may sound odd, insofar many of todays most successful organizations are finding that they can operate more effectively in todays environment by remaining flexible and unst ructured that the pattern structure for them is not having a rigid, predefined structure.WORKS CITED Ashkenas, R. , Ulrich, D. , Jick, T. & Kerr, S. (1995). The Boundaryless Organization Breaking the Chains of Organizational Structure. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. Peters, T. (1992). Liberation Management incumbent Disorganization for the Nanosecond Nineties. London Macmillan Picot, A. , Reichwald, R. & Wigand, R. (2008). Information, Organization and Management. Berlin Springer-Verlag.